Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control

Ellenbecker, Todd S.; Davies, George J.; Bleacher, Jake

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2411-0.00024-1

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Mechanoreceptors are present in joint structures and surrounding soft tissue. 18 In our results, we observed positive FTs on cases diagnosed with soft tissue-related conditions such as a flexor enthesopathy and a toe cushion wound. The response to the FT for soft tissue-related pathologies was similar as the response observed for joint pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…8 Different types of mechanoreceptors are described in the joint, muscle and skin. 17 18 Ruffini receptors and free nerve endings appear as the major receptors in the shoulder and knee joint structures, including capsule, muscle tendons, intra-articular and collateral ligaments. 19 20 Other mechanoreceptors are described at the musculotendinous junction such as the Golgi-organ tendon and muscle spindles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lameness Localization in Dogs: An Exploratory Study of the Translation of the Equine Flexion Test to Canine Orthopaedics

et al. 2022

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Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the method and feasibility of the flexion test (FT) as a diagnostic tool to localize lameness on dogs. Study Design Canine FT was designed and based on the FT routinely used on horses. In dogs, the test consisted in a flexion of a joint to its full range of motion for 1 minute. Eventual increased lameness was then evaluated. The gait was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. An increase in the lameness score compared with the baseline score was considered as a positive result.The method was described for every major joint of the appendicular skeleton and was evaluated in sound and lame dogs. To evaluate the feasibility, the FT was applied for 3 minutes in eight healthy dogs on all joints. On 27 clinically lame dogs, flexion was applied for 1 minute on the joints with a suspected pathology and on their contralateral side used as a control. Results The FT was feasible and well tolerated by the sound dogs on all joints and no positive results were recorded. On clinically lame dogs, lameness increased in 81.5% of dogs. These cases were afterwards diagnosed with an orthopaedic-related disorder and then defined as true positives. False negative results occurred in 18.5% of the lameness cases. Conclusion The FT is safe and easy to perform. It did not produce any false positive results. False negatives might occur in a minor number of cases, implying that a negative result does not exclude a joint pathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lameness Localization in Dogs: An Exploratory Study of the Translation of the Equine Flexion Test to Canine Orthopaedics

et al. 2022

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“…It is noteworthy that the protocol was performed with three exercises for the lower limbs, and lasting approximately 5 minutes for each exercise. In the present study, it was decided to perform circuit-shaped training, as the reduction in capsuloligamentous stability presented by the clinical tests in this study, promotes inadequate mechanoreceptor performance leading to a delay in muscle responses (20) . With these changes and the maintenance of 5 minutes of the same exercise as presented in the above study, it is suggested that mechanoreceptors may have fallen into fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neuromuscular exercises on q-angle, knee joint stability and ankle mobility of handball athletes.

Fernandes¹,

Carvalho²,

Costa³

et al. 2020

mtprehabjournal

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Background: The sport, when it comes to matters related to high performance, can lead the athlete to the development of risk factors for injuries. To minimize the effects of high load training, neuromuscular exercises may offer increased joint stability, thereby reducing risk factors, number of injuries, and minimizing the extent and severity of those that may arise. Objective: To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular exercises on Q-angle, knee joint stability and ankle mobility of high performance handball athletes. Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial conducted with 23 athletes (aged 18 to 37 years), randomly divided into intervention (n = 12) and control (n = 11) groups. Athletes were evaluated with clinical tests for knee joint instability. The risk factors evaluated were ankle range of motion (ROM) in the dorsal flexion movement (tibia over the tarsus) and the Q-angle, which are factors related to ankle sprains and anterior cruciate ligament injury, respectively. A protocol of three neuromuscular exercises for lower limb was applied three times a week, lasting approximately six minutes for 12 sessions. Results: All athletes presented Q-angle higher than expected and in the group that underwent neuromuscular exercises there was a significant reduction in right Q-angle (pre: 23.7 ± 2.9º; post: 20.2 ± 2.5º, p = 0.016) and left (pre: 22.5 ± 2.5º; post: 20.1 ± 1.8º, p = 0.021). The range of motion of both ankles did not increase significantly, but there was an average increase of 2.1º in the right ankle and 2.4º in the left of the athletes who participated in the intervention group. Clinical tests indicated improvement in joint stability. Conclusion: A significant reduction in the right and left Q-angle was observed, as well as reducing the frequency of excessive anterior tibial translocation, which may be positively reflected in the knee joint stability.

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“…During touch and grasping an object, the skin pressure and grip force is the outer information perceived by the mechanoreceptors, known as cutaneous force sensation [17]. The internal information involving muscle force or joint position during lifting is perceived by the proprioceptors in muscle spindles or tendon organs, and is known as the proprioceptive force sensation [18]. Davis and Roberts [19] stated that the observer's knowledge of the weight of objects is mainly dependent on proprioceptors within the muscle, which by their nature respond both to weights lifted and to the muscular force of the lift, these changes could serve as "heaviness" input, since afferents have been shown to project to sensory-motor cortex [20].…”

Section: How Do We Perceive Weight?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Weight Perception in Virtual Reality: Techniques, Challenges, and Road Ahead

Lim¹,

Yap

Lee

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control

Cited by 8 publications

References 107 publications

Lameness Localization in Dogs: An Exploratory Study of the Translation of the Equine Flexion Test to Canine Orthopaedics

Lameness Localization in Dogs: An Exploratory Study of the Translation of the Equine Flexion Test to Canine Orthopaedics

Effects of neuromuscular exercises on q-angle, knee joint stability and ankle mobility of handball athletes.

A Systematic Review of Weight Perception in Virtual Reality: Techniques, Challenges, and Road Ahead

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