Propriedades e Características da Quitosana Obtida a Partir do Exoesqueleto de Caranguejo-Uçá Utilizando Radiação de Micro-Ondas

Abstract

Resumo: Neste trabalho, obteve-se quitosana a partir do exoesqueleto de Ucides cordatus cordatus, comumente denominado caranguejo-uçá, em um processo no qual a conversão da quitina em quitosana foi feita via reação convencional (QV) e também usando radiação de microondas (QP). Caracterizaram-se as quitosanas produzidas em função do grau de desacetilação (GD), viscosidade intrínseca (η) e massa molar viscosimétrica média (Mz), avaliando-se as propriedades em comparação com uma amostra de quitosana de caranguejo comercial (QC). A quitosana produzida por radiação de microondas apresentou grau de desacetilação maior do que a produzida via reação convencional e a quitosana comercial, com valores obtidos por titulação de 77%, 65% e 71% para QP, QV e QC, respectivamente. No teste de solubilidade, a amostra QP dissolveu mais facilmente em solução de ácido acético diluído do que a QC, enquanto que a amostra QV não apresentou boa solubilidade em solução de ácido acético 2%, devido ao seu baixo grau de desacetilação. A massa molar viscosimétrica das amostras QP e QC foi 412.600 g/mol e 336.100 g/mol, respectivamente, situando-se dentro dos padrões reportados na literatura. Em suma, pode-se afirmar que a conversão de quitina em quitosana por radiação com microondas é um método vantajoso, pois houve redução considerável de consumo de energia e de tempo em relação ao processo convencional, sendo que a amostra QP mostrou propriedades superiores à amostra QV, e propriedades equivalentes à amostra comercial QC. Além disso, o método empregado pode ser ajustado para produção de quitosana em escala industrial. Palavras-chave: Quitosana, Ucides cordatus cordatus, caranguejo, radiação de micro-ondas, grau de desacetilação. Development of New Method to Obtain Chitosan from the Exoskeleton of Crabs Using Microwave RadiationAbstract: In this work, chitosan was obtained from crab-uçá exoskeleton (Ucides cordatus cordatus), where conversion into chitosan was made with two techniques, namely conventional heating and using microwave radiation. The product obtained by radiation (QP) and conventional process (QV) were characterized and compared to a chitosan commercial sample (QC) regarding to the deacetylation degree (GD), viscosity average molar mass (Mz) and related properties. QP presented higher GD than QV and QC samples, with values of 77%, 65% and 71%, respectively. The solubility test showed that QP dissolved more easily in diluted acetic acid than QC, while QV did not dissolve in acid aqueous solution due to the low GD. QP also showed higher Mz than QC, with values of 412.600 g/mol and 336.100 g/mol, respectively. These properties agree with those reported in the literature. Therefore, the synthesis of chitosan from chitin using microwave reaction proved to be successful, since it is easier, faster and less expensive due to the time and energy optimization in comparison to the conventional process. The chitosan sample obtained displayed even better properties than a commercial sample. In addition, this process can be adjusted for pro...

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