Abstract:Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma metodologia de cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos baseada na alocação de custos - entre os setores demandantes de água - de projetos relacionados com melhorias em uma bacia hidrográfica. Essa metodologia consiste em regra de alocação conhecida como valor de Shapley, pertencente à teoria de jogos cooperativos, e, para mostrar sua aplicabilidade, realizou-se um estudo de caso no trecho paulista da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul, tendo-se utilizado, como critérios de a… Show more
“…Since public water supply leads the revenue, and mostly comes from urban areas that will also generate proportional discharges, it is worth noting what Leite [15] reports, that an added value could be charged for the use of water associated with its high levels of effluent emissions, serving as a stimulus for this sector to adopt less polluting practices, such as treating their sewage, which is discharged into rivers without any control most of the time. This scenario of the basin with a high level of pollution due to the precarious situation of urban sanitation is verified in cities, in such a way that the effect of sewage discharge into the waters can reach unsustainable levels if the urban sector is not properly charged or stimulated to adopt more rational practices in the use of water.…”
Section: Federal Water Resource Charging In the Rio Paranaíbamentioning
The population growth and its needs, has increasingly demanded water resources, requiring managers to adopt mechanisms to guarantee the availability and quality of water from springs. Among the instruments defined by law n. 9433/1997, water charges stand out. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the evolution of charging for the use of water resources in Brazil, with emphasis on the channel of the Hydrographic Basin of the Paranaíba River. The methodology used was based on two phases, one of reviewing the articles available in Capes journals and the other, consulting the spreadsheets of the Araguari River Basin Agency with information on charges for the use of water within the competence of the Union in the Hydrographic Basin of the Paranaiba River. The results showed that charging for the use of water resources establish a relevant instrument for disciplining and raising financial resources that will enable improvements in the planning and management of water use. It should be noted that irrigation emerges as the main user of the flow captured from the Paranaíba River. However, the main source of funds for charging comes from the public supply. Among the Federation Units, the Federal District proved to be the largest source of contributions for charging the use of the Union's water resources in the Paranaíba River Basin.
“…Since public water supply leads the revenue, and mostly comes from urban areas that will also generate proportional discharges, it is worth noting what Leite [15] reports, that an added value could be charged for the use of water associated with its high levels of effluent emissions, serving as a stimulus for this sector to adopt less polluting practices, such as treating their sewage, which is discharged into rivers without any control most of the time. This scenario of the basin with a high level of pollution due to the precarious situation of urban sanitation is verified in cities, in such a way that the effect of sewage discharge into the waters can reach unsustainable levels if the urban sector is not properly charged or stimulated to adopt more rational practices in the use of water.…”
Section: Federal Water Resource Charging In the Rio Paranaíbamentioning
The population growth and its needs, has increasingly demanded water resources, requiring managers to adopt mechanisms to guarantee the availability and quality of water from springs. Among the instruments defined by law n. 9433/1997, water charges stand out. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the evolution of charging for the use of water resources in Brazil, with emphasis on the channel of the Hydrographic Basin of the Paranaíba River. The methodology used was based on two phases, one of reviewing the articles available in Capes journals and the other, consulting the spreadsheets of the Araguari River Basin Agency with information on charges for the use of water within the competence of the Union in the Hydrographic Basin of the Paranaiba River. The results showed that charging for the use of water resources establish a relevant instrument for disciplining and raising financial resources that will enable improvements in the planning and management of water use. It should be noted that irrigation emerges as the main user of the flow captured from the Paranaíba River. However, the main source of funds for charging comes from the public supply. Among the Federation Units, the Federal District proved to be the largest source of contributions for charging the use of the Union's water resources in the Paranaíba River Basin.
“…102 Leite;Vieira (2010) propuseram uma metodologia baseada na alocação de custos entre os demandantes de água em uma determinada bacia, baseada no valor de Shapley, uma regra de alocação pertencente à teoria dos jogos cooperativos e relacionase ao fato de que os demandantes de água devem ser cobrados de acordo com o grau em que utilizam esses recursos. Assim, partindo do princípio do pagador poluidor e usuário pagador, os autores admitem que pagará mais aquele usuário que mais polui ou que mais utiliza água.…”
Berquó" (NEPO), pela infraestrutura e suporte acadêmico.Aos professores, pesquisadores e funcionários do NEPAM. À Secretaria de Pós-Graduação do IFCH e à Secretaria do Programa de Doutorado em Ambiente e Sociedade.Ao Professor Roberto Luiz do Carmo por todos os ensinamentos e pelo apoio nos momentos mais difíceis que naturalmente (e muitas vezes duramente) permeiam essa fase da vida acadêmica. Agradeço principalmente pela confiança depositada em meu trabalho. Professor, algum dia espero lograr transmitir essa sua generosidade e empatia enquanto orientador e profissional.Ao Professor Jansle Rocha, o coorientador, pelos direcionamentos nas etapas de construção do projeto de pesquisa, durante a disciplina de Seminários de Tese. Ao Professor David Lapola por aceitar assumir a coorientação ao final deste trabalho devido ao processo de aposentadoria do Prof. Jansle. Aos Professores que me guiaram na construção da tese: ao Professor José Luiz de Souza, pela nobreza em compartilhar comigo seu vasto conhecimento sobre as águas desse país; ao Professor Marcelo Coutinho Vargas, por me auxiliar a pensar (e repensar) a natureza dos bens; à Professora Cristiana Simão Seixas, por me apresentar outro olhar sobre o tempo e a persistência no exercício da ciência. Agradeço às Professoras Fabiana Barbi, Norma Felicidade Valencio e Sônia Regina da Cal Seixas por terem aceitado o convite para compor a banca de avaliação de tese.Aos colegas do NEPAM e colegas de turma, em especial Antoniane, Amanda, Deborah, Maíra e Léo, pelo compartilhamento de suas experiências e olhares sobre o mundo tão distintos, que se cruzam quando do pensar o meio ambiente e sua relação com a sociedade.
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