Proposed standard method for motorcycle nomenclature system

Ma’arof, Muhammad Izzat Nor; Ahmad, Ismail Nasiruddin

doi:10.1109/seanes.2012.6299579

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The seating position for motorcyclists was classified by Ma'Arof and Ahmad into four different types of postures, depending on the placement of the torso, knees and lower legs. 16 Type 1 is a forward-leaning torso, with the lower legs bent behind the knee, close to the body -a type common with high-speed sportsmodel motorcycles. Case 1 of this study fits a type 1 posture, with a traumatic hemi-pelvectomy, involving collision impact high on the leg and extending to the hip, separating the limb at the pelvis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases 2-6 are categorised as having more neutral type 2 and type 3 postures, all with amputations occurring at the lower leg or just above the knee. This suggests that unlike the 'aggressive', 16 constricted type 1 posture, type 2 and type 3 postures have the legs extended further from the body, causing a focused impact to the limb rather than extending up towards the body. Type 4 is a forward-leaning posture, with the lower legs in front of the knee; this is a relatively uncommon posture and was not seen in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and age as factors in leg amputations in fatal motorcycle crashes

et al. 2019

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The autopsy files at Forensic Science South Australia were searched over an 11-year period from January 2008 to December 2018 for all cases of motorcycle fatalities in which there had been lower-limb amputations. Six cases were identified, consisting of five male riders and one female pillion passenger. The age range was 48–67 years (average 59 years), which was significantly older than the control group (40.6 years; p < 0.01). All the decedents were overweight, with a body mass index (BMI) of 28.7–43.5 kg/m2 (average 34.9 kg/m2), which again was significantly greater than the control group (28.8 kg/m2; p < 0.05). Five of the incidents involved a collision between a motorcycle and a motor vehicle; the remaining case involved a collision with a tree. Five of the amputations were on the right side in the motorcycle-vehicle impacts, and they varied in severity from loss of a foot to a hind-quarter amputation. There was a single left lower-leg amputation which occurred during the collision with a tree, which was beside the road on the motorcyclist’s left. This study has shown that motorcyclists at greatest risk of lower-limb/pelvis amputations are older than the average rider with higher BMIs. This may be significant information given the increase in both BMI and age in many populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%