Proposed Numbering Scheme for Mycobacterial Serotypes by Agglutination

Wolinsky, Emanuel; Schaefer, Werner B.

doi:10.1099/00207713-23-2-182

Cited by 121 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In all PCR examinations, internal standards were used . All MAC isolates were serotyped according to the described system (Wolinsky and Schaefer, 1973) which was later modified (Sussland and Hrdinova, 1976). Mycobacterial isolates that were not classified as MAC were assessed by biochemical methods (Wayne and Kubica, 1986).…”

Section: Bacteriological Examination Of Tissues and Environmental Sammentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria from the environment of one pig farm and the effectiveness of preventive measures between 1997 and 2003

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Gilar³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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392Tuberculosis in pigs causes high economic losses farmers from all over the world. The most consequential causative agents of tuberculosis in pigs at present are members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTC) and M. avium (MAC) complexes. The losses are above all caused by restriction of animal transport from infected farms (with the exception of slaughterhouses), culling of animals positive during the tuberculin testing and the price of meat and organs from slaughtered infected animals (Alfredsen and Skjerve 1993;Dey and Parham, 1993;Morita et al., 1994;Balian et. al., 1997;Cvetnic et al., 1998; Positive skin responses were found in animals with antibodies against MAH (18; 23.7%), MAA (3; 4.0%) and MI (9; 11.8%) antigens. By serological examination of 17 sows with repeated dubious responses for tuberculin skin testing with avian tuberculin, no antibodies against MAA were detected; MAH antibodies and MI antibodies were found in eight and two animals, respectively. By post mortem examination of lymph nodes (ln) and organ samples from all 76 animals with responses to avian tuberculin, no tuberculous/tuberculoid lesions were detected. By culture examination of ln and organs from 13 animals, conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (CPM) were isolated from only one animal (breeding boar): from mesenteric, pulmonary, hepatic ln and from spleen tissue samples. These isolates were identified as MAH and CPM by the PCR method and biochemically. By investigation of the external environment (205 samples), 33 (16.3%) CPM isolates were obtained: 13 MAH, eight M. fortuitum, one M. nonchromogenicum, one M. abscessus, one M. scrofulaceum and nine unidentified isolates, which were non-MAC according to the PCR examination. Non-specific responses obtained in the intravital tests (skin and serological tests) caused by CPM present in the environment substantially complicated diagnosis of avian tuberculosis. Based on these findings, animal hygiene measures have been adopted since 2002; resulted in a decrease of environmental contamination with CPM and a reduction in the number of animals giving positive responses to avian tuberculin.

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Section: Bacteriological Examination Of Tissues and Environmental Sammentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria from the environment of one pig farm and the effectiveness of preventive measures between 1997 and 2003

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Gilar³

et al. 2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…These organisms were mycobactin dependent on On: Sun, 28 Apr 2019 03:09:18 VOL. 38,1988 M . PARATUBERCULOSIS DNA SIMILARITY TO MYCOBACTERIACEAE 145 primary isolation from cattle; however, like M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Other Members of the Family Mycobacteriaceae

Hurley

Splitter

Welch

1988

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization was used to determine the relationships of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium to 24 mycobacterial strains representing seven species. Our results indicate that M . paratuberculosis should be considered a member of the same genomic species as M. avium and the wood pigeon bacillus. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, which has been considered a member of the M . avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, shows little DNA similarity to M . avium, M. intracellulare, or M. paratuberculosis.Classification of the slow-growing mycobacteria on the basis of phenotypic characteristics has been a complicated and uncertain process. There is relatively little variability among strains thought to typify separate species, and there is significant variation in the phenotypic characteristics of isolates which appear to belong to the same species (26,(33)(34)(35). This is particularly true of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Phenotypic variation within the species precludes identification of a clear pattern of biochemical responses in an Adansonian system. The characteristics exhibited by fresh isolates may change with storage or repeated passage (9, 26). Mycobactin dependency, hydrolysis of Tween 80, and catalase activity at pH 5 after heating are the characteristics which have been used to distinguish M . paratuberculosis from Mycobacterium avium. When these criteria are used, the wood pigeon bacillus (22, 33) resembles M . paratuberculosis rather than M . avium, as do some other M . avium isolates cultured from swine lymph nodes and lesions in birds (8,22,26,33).Antibiotic susceptibility patterns have been used in attempts to distinguish M . paratuberculosis from M . avium. M . paratuberculosis is often susceptible to streptomycin and rifampin, as well as to neotetrazolium chloride, whereas M . avium is usually resistant to all three antibiotics. These responses are also variable (9,34).Mycobacterium scrofulaceum has often been included as a member of the M . avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex on the basis of phenotypic characteristics (35), although the relationship of M. scrofulaceum to M . paratuberculosis has not been examined by other investigators.There is a need for better methods of defining the relationship of M . paratuberculosis to other mycobacterial species. Although numerous investigations on mycobacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization have been reported (3)(4)(5)7, 10, 13,16,17) MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The 24 mycobacterial strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. The cells were grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented with Dubos oleic-albumin complex (100 ml/liter) and 0.05% Tween 80 and were cultivated by standard methods (9). The M . paratuberculosis cultures were further supplemented with 2 mg of mycobactin J (Allied Laboratories, Inc., Ames, Iowa) per liter. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 6,000 x g for 15 min...

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“…M. avium complex strains were identified through serotyping (Wolinsky and Schaefer, 1973;Süssland and Hrdinova, 1976), biological experiment on poultry after intramuscular infection (Pavlas and Patlokova, 1977) or, since 1996, using the PCR method for detecting IS901 (Kunze et al, 1992;Pavlik et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Identification Of Isolated Mycobacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial infections in cattle in the Czech Republic during 1990-1999

Pavlík¹,

Dvorská²,

Mátlová³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med. - Czech

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In the nineties, cattle stocks gradually decreased from 3 506 222 head of cattle in 1990 to 1 657 337 head in 1999. Skin testing of cattle was carried out annually using bovine tuberculin. Animals for sale were also simultaneously tested with avian tuberculin. In records from 1991 to 1999 a total of 14 611 393 bovine tuberculin skin tests and 611 405 simultaneous avian tuberculin skin tests are registered. A total of 1 457 (0.01%) animals reacted positively with bovine tuberculin and 1 790 (0.29%) with avian tuberculin. In the period monitored a total of 7 268 274 head of cattle were slaughtered and given veterinary hygienic examinations. Statistical data on the post-mortem detection of tuberculous lesions have been available for nine years since 1992 when tuberculous lesions were found in 1 186 (0.019%) out of 6 273 441 slaughtered animals. Mycobacteria were isolated from the organs of only 561 (17.5%) out of 3 202 culturally examined animals. M. bovis only was isolated from 48 (8.6%) animals originating from seven herds (two infected herds in 1991, 1992 and 1994 and one infected herd in 1995): four outbreaks were detected by annual skin testing, one outbreak by movement tuberculin skin testing and two outbreaks by the detection of tuberculous lesions at slaughter. M. avium complex strains of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 and of genotypes IS901+ and IS1245+ were isolated from 331 (59.0%) animals and strains of serotypes 4 to 6, 8 to 11 and 21 and of genotypes IS901- and IS1245+ were isolated from 132 (23.5%) animals. Potentially pathogenic bacteria of the M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum species were isolated from 50 (8.9%) animals. Neither miliary nor generalised tuberculosis was found in any of the animals. Between 1996 and 1999, the proportion of cattle in which tuberculous lesions were recorded decreased.

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Proposed Numbering Scheme for Mycobacterial Serotypes by Agglutination

Cited by 121 publications

References 4 publications

Isolation of conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria from the environment of one pig farm and the effectiveness of preventive measures between 1997 and 2003

Isolation of conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria from the environment of one pig farm and the effectiveness of preventive measures between 1997 and 2003

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Other Members of the Family Mycobacteriaceae

Mycobacterial infections in cattle in the Czech Republic during 1990-1999

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