Proposals for a terminology for diatom sexual reproduction, auxospores and resting stages

Kaczmarska, Irena; Poulíčková, Aloisie; Sato, Shinya; Edlund, Mark B.; Idei, Masahiko; Watanabe, Tsuyoshi; Mann, David G.

doi:10.1080/0269249x.2013.791344

Cited by 84 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…These facts indicate that F. kerguelensis is heterothallic. Furthermore, we never observed the formation of auxospores nor detected a sudden increase in cell size in any of the clonal cultures (which were monitored for a long time), indicating the absence of homothallic or uniparental (automictic or apomictic) auxosporulation (Kaczmarska et al, 2013). Fragilariopsis kerguelensis is the only species in the genus Fragilariopsis for which information on the life cycle is available (Assmy et al, 2006; this study) and its general pattern conforms to what has been described for other raphid pennate diatoms (Chepurnov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Fuchs

Scalco

Kooistra

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

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The planktonic diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of the Southern Ocean, where remains of its frustules form the largest deposit of biogenic silica anywhere in the world. We assessed the genetic identity of 26 strains, from cells collected at various sites in the Southern Ocean, using three molecular markers, LSU and ITS rDNA and rbcL. The LSU sequences were identical among the tested strains, ITS sequences were highly similar, and only one base pair difference was detected among the rbcL sequences. These results, together with a large number of successful mating experiments demonstrated that the strains belong to a single biological species. We investigated the mating system and life cycle traits of F. kerguelensis. Cell size diminished gradually in clonal strains. Gamete formation only occurred when strains of opposite mating type -within a cell size range of 7-36 µm -were mixed together. Two binucleate gametes were formed in each gametangium and gamete conjugation produced a zygote that had four nuclei and was surrounded by thin siliceous scales. Two out of the four nuclei subsequently degenerated and the zygote expanded to form an auxospore surrounded by a transverse and a longitudinal perizonium. Staining with the fluorochrome PDMPO provided for the first time a clear demonstration that the longitudinal perizonium is formed after auxospore expansion is complete. Initial cells produced within the mature auxospores were 78-101 µm in length. Various authors have shown that the average valve size of F. kerguelensis varies in sediment samples collected in regions and seasons with different primary production regimes and this parameter has thus been proposed as a biological proxy for palaeoproductivity. A better understanding of the life cycle of F. kerguelensis should help the design of future investigations aimed at testing the link between cell size distribution in the natural environment and the role that environmental factors might have in the regulation of population cell size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Fuchs

Scalco

Kooistra

et al. 2013

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Thus areolae present on the valve mantle appear homologous with Fallaica species rather than Pseudofallaica species. Kaczmarska et al (2013) described four types of cardinal points. In this study, the length of initial cells and upper sexual size threshold were measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terminology follows Anonymous (1975), Ross et al (1979), , Round et al (1990) and Kaczmarska et al (2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the auxospore envelop and wall components have been reviewed by Kaczmarska et al (2013) recently. In this study, only scales (incunabular scales) and perizonial bands including a set of longitudinal bands and transverse bands were detected.…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Incunabula and Perizoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, only scales (incunabular scales) and perizonial bands including a set of longitudinal bands and transverse bands were detected. Kaczmarska et al (2013) introduced five types of scales, namely simple scales, distorted scales, slit scales, dendroid scales and spinescent scales. In recent study, two types of scales, simple scales and distorted scales, were reported in Diploneis papula (Schmidt in Schmidt et al) Cleve (1894: 85) .…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Incunabula and Perizoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

Suzuki

Nagumo

et al. 2014

Phytotaxa

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Specimens of Fallacia tenera were collected from the surface sediment at in a river estuary in Japan. Auxosporulation occurred in a rough culture. Morphological structures of vegetative cells and auxospores were observed in detail. The vegetative cells have one H-shaped chloroplast. The striae were interrupted by two depressed lateral sterna internally and partly covered by a finely porous conopeum on the external surface. The lateral sterna and porous conopea formed two more or less curved longitudinal canals connecting with the exterior via opening pores on both sides of a terminal fissure. This combination of characteristics is unique to the genus Fallacia. The cingulum was composed of three bands, such as an open valvocupula and two comparatively thin pleurae. The two pleurae could be distinguished by the shape of their ligulae. The second band had a triangular ligula, whereas the ligula of the third band is arc-shaped. The auxosporulation was type IA1a in Geitler's classification. Two paired gametangia formed two anisogametes in each of them. Two auxospores formed in the thecae of the gametangia after a trans physiological anisogamy. The perizonium of the auxospore consisted of a set of transverse bands and five longitudinal bands. The primary transverse band was about twice wider than the secondary ones. The circular incunabular scales were present on the two terminals of the auxospore and on the surface of the primary transverse band. The primary longitudinal band had an acute terminal and was flanked by secondary longitudinal bands. Each side had two secondary longitudinal bands. All longitudinal bands were immediately beneath the transverse bands. Morphological comparison between Fallacia and Pseudofallaica, and the taxonomic position of F. tenera is also discussed.

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Diatom Sexual Reproduction and Life Cycles

Poulíčková

Mann

2019

Diatoms: Fundamentals and Applications

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Proposals for a terminology for diatom sexual reproduction, auxospores and resting stages

Cited by 84 publications

References 97 publications

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Genetic characterization and life cycle of the diatomFragilariopsis kerguelensis

Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

Diatom Sexual Reproduction and Life Cycles

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