Proposal to elevate the genetic variant MAC-A, included in the Mycobacterium avium complex, to species rank as Mycobacterium chimaera sp. nov.

Tortoli, Enrico; Rindi, Laura; García, María Jesús García; Chiaradonna, P.; Dei, Rosanna; Garzelli, Carlo; Kroppenstedt, Reiner M.; Lari, Nicoletta; Mattei, Romano; Mariottini, Alessandro; Mazzarelli, Gianna; Murcia, Marta; Nanetti, Anna; Piccoli, P; Scarparo, Claudio

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02777-0

Cited by 269 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous North American studies have suggested that M. intracellulare is the more common pulmonary pathogen within the MAC (1). We identifi ed 3 pulmonary samples as MAC-A strains, which were recently elevated to species level as M. chimaera (7). Two samples were clinically relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Relevance of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Oman

Al-Mahruqi¹,

Ingen²,

Al-Busaidy³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Little is known about the clinical relevance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the Arabian Peninsula. We assessed the prevalence and studied a random sample of isolates at a reference laboratory in Muscat, Oman. NTM cause disease in this region, and their prevalence has increased.N ontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are common inhabitants of the environment and have been cultured from water, soil, and animal sources worldwide. NTM are opportunistic pathogens, mostly affecting patients with preexisting pulmonary disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or tuberculosis (TB), or those with systemic impairment of immunity. The latter group includes those with HIV infection, those using immunosuppressive drugs, and those with leukemia (1).Because NTM are common in the environment and resistant to commonly used disinfectants, they can be present in nonsterile patient material such as sputum and contaminated medical equipment (bronchoscope washers or samples in the laboratory) and consequently cause pseudoinfection (1,2). To distinguish pseudoinfections from NTM disease and establish the clinical relevance of isolated NTM, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) has published diagnostic criteria (1).Studies on the clinical relevance of NTM have traditionally been restricted to western countries, where the incidence of TB is relatively low. More recently, research has been initiated in African and East Asian countries (1-5). There have been no recent reports on isolation and clinical relevance of NTM on the Arabian Peninsula. We analyzed a random sample of NTM isolated from clinical samples in Oman by using molecular techniques. Their clinical relevance was retrospectively analyzed by applying the updated ATS diagnostic criteria for NTM disease (1). The StudyPrevalence of NTM at the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL), the national TB reference laboratory of the Ministry of Health in Muscat, Oman, was assessed by using a laboratory database. The CPHL Institutional Review Board reviewed and approved this study. The CPHL received 5,488 samples submitted for Mycobacterium spp. culture during 2006-2007. Samples were subcultured in Lowenstein-Jensen medium and automated Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT960; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and incubated at 36°C. A total of 491 (9%) samples yielded positive cultures. M. tuberculosis complex bacteria were isolated from 445 (91%) samples, and NTM were isolated from 46 samples (9%). Most NTM were cultured from respiratory samples (sputum, n = 36, 78%; bronchial lavage, n = 2, 4%); the remainder were from lymph nodes (n = 3, 6%), urine (n = 2, 4%), or other sources (n = 3, 6%). The percentage of NTM increased from 7.6% (18/235) in 2006 to 10.9% (28/256) in 2007.Thirteen samples were randomly selected from all NTM isolated at CPHL during January 2006-September 2007. Selected NTM were subjected to molecular identification at the Dutch National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Relevance of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Oman

Al-Mahruqi¹,

Ingen²,

Al-Busaidy³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Ante la facilidad del método de PCR-análisis de restricción, en el mundo se han realizado una serie de estudios para lograr su estandarización y probar la reproducibilidad de la técnica (21). La principal ventaja de PCR-análisis de restricción es que, siendo un método de amplificación, desde la muestra se puede identificar la especie, en corto tiempo y con gran efectividad (18); en la mayoría de los casos, es capaz de diferenciar entre especies de los grupos de micobacterias, como el complejo M. aviumintracellulare de gran importancia clínica, aunque no diferencia los nuevos miembros del complejo, que son M. chimaera y M. colombiense (22)(23).…”

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Identificación de Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae y Neisseria meningitidis por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa

Parra-Barrera¹,

Castañeda²,

Moreno³

2007

biomedica

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Introducción. Las micobacterias no tuberculosas pueden ser saprofitas, patógenas u oportunistas; las enfermedades más comunes producidas por estos microorganismos son las infecciones posquirúrgicas, principalmente por procedimiento estéticos, infecciones asociadas con catéteres, enfermedades cutáneas diseminadas, enfermedades pulmonares y del sistema nervioso central que afectan especialmente a pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. La identificación fenotípica de las micobacterias no tuberculosas incluye pruebas microbiológicas y bioquímicas, las cuales pueden tomar varias semanas y algunas veces no logran diferenciar entre los miembros de un complejo. Objetivo. El objetivo fue evaluar la metodología de reacción en cadena de la polimerasaanálisis de restricción, como método de identificación genotípica de micobacterias no tuberculosas aisladas de muestras clínicas que pertenecen a la colección del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 70 aislamientos clínicos de micobacterias no tuberculosas, criopreservados en glicerol al 50% e identificados mediante metodologías fenotípicas. La identificación genotípica se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-análisis de restricción y se evaluó la concordancia entre las metodologías. Resultados. Se obtuvo una concordancia del 100% en la identificación de Mycobacterium terrae, M. szulgai, M. avium, M. chelonae y M. scrofulaceum, en las especies M. fortuitum, M. abscessus M. gordonae y M. intracellulare varió de 44% a 89%; no se obtuvo concordancia en la identificación de las especies M. flavescens y M. malmoense. Conclusiones. El análisis de restricción es una alternativa para la identificación de especies de micobacterias no tuberculosas, rápida, económica y segura para la identificación, que permite la diferenciación entre especies de un complejo y la determinación del subtipo de cada especie.Palabras clave: infecciones atípicas por Mycobacterium, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, técnicas de diagnóstico molecular, infecciones oportunistas, salud pública.

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“…abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. salmoniphilum, M. bolletii and M. massiliense (Brown-Elliot & Wallace, 2002;Whipps et al, 2007) and the M. fortuitum complex, including M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. septicum, M. mageritense, M. houstonense and M. boenikei (Adékambi & Drancourt, 2004), containing the NTM commonly encountered in human specimens. Clinically important SGM are the M. avium complex (MAC), which include M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. colombiense and M. chimaera (Tortoli, 2003;Tortoli et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%