Proposal of Lactobacillus kosoi Chiou et al. 2018 as a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus micheneri McFrederick et al. 2018, elevation of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis to the species level as Lactobacillus argentoratensis sp. nov., and Lactobacillus zhaodongensis sp. nov., isolated from traditional Chinese pickle and the intestinal tract of a honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Abstract

<jats:p> <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31918" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus kosoi</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> Chiou <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic>. 2018 and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31780" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus micheneri</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> McFrederick <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic>. 2018 are closely related, and they share 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 99.6 % <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic> gene sequence similarity, 100 % <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> gene sequence similarity, 97.3 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) value and 76.6 % <jats:italic>in silico</jats:italic> DNA–DNA hybridization (<jats:italic>is</jats:italic>DDH) value, indicating that they represent the same species. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis and phenotypic characterization also indicated that <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31918" xlink:type="simple">L. kosoi</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31780" xlink:type="simple">L. micheneri</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> are very similar. We propose <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31918" xlink:type="simple">L. kosoi</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> Chiou <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic>. 2018 as a later heterotypic synonym of <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.31780" xlink:type="simple">L. micheneri</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> McFrederick <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic>. 2018. The taxonomic position of <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> in the <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5420" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> group was re-examined using a polyphasic approach, including sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>recA</jats:italic> genes, average nucleotide identity analysis, <jats:italic>in silico</jats:italic> DNA–DNA hybridization, fatty acid methyl ester analysis and phenotypic characterization. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> was closely related to <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5417" xlink:type="simple">L. pentosus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5416" xlink:type="simple">L. paraplantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> in the <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5420" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> group, sharing 99.6–99.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Results of <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>recA</jats:italic> gene sequence analyses indicated that <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> was most closely related to <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, having 91.8 % <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic> gene sequence similarity, 98.9 % <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> gene sequence similarity and 93.1 % <jats:italic>recA</jats:italic> gene sequence similarity. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> DSM 16365<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> shared 95.6 % ANI value and 62.9 % <jats:italic>is</jats:italic>DDH value with <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> ATCC 14917<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>. The low <jats:italic>is</jats:italic>DDH value confirmed that <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.10811" xlink:type="simple">plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> represent two different species, rather than two different subspecies in the <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5420" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> group. On the basis of the data from polyphasic characterization obtained in the present study and in previous studies, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">L. plantarum</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="subspecies"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.9504" xlink:type="simple">argentoratensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> is elevated to the species level and represents a novel species of the genus <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="genus"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5320" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, for which the name <jats:italic>Lactobacillus argentoratensis</jats:italic> sp. nov. is proposed and the type strain is DKO 22<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (=CIP 108320<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=DSM 16365<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=JCM 16169<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>). Two novel Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated 1206-1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and F027-1-2, were isolated from traditional pickle in Heilongjiang Province, PR China, and from the intestinal tract of a honey bee (<jats:italic>Apis mellifera</jats:italic>) in Hubei Province, PR China, respectively. The two bacteria were characterized by a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic> gene sequence analysis, <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> gene sequence analysis, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, average nucleotide identity analysis, <jats:italic>in silico</jats:italic> DNA–DNA hybridization analysis and an analysis of phenotypic features. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains 1206-1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and F027-1-2 were distantly related to <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5433" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus sharpeae</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.34556" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus hulanensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.24864" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5409" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus pantheris</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.11175" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus thailandensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.11168" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus camelliae</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.34786" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus jixianensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.23014" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus nasuensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.34787" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus baoqingensis</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>, <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.5400" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus manihotivorans</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.24065" xlink:type="simple">Lactobacillus porcinae</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>. Strain 1206-1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> exhibited 94.2–96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, 69.5–83.3 % <jats:italic>pheS</jats:italic> gene sequence similarities and 73.1–90.3 % <jats:italic>rpoA</jats:italic> gene sequence similarities to type strains of phylogenetically related species. ANI and <jats:italic>is</jats:italic>DDH values between strain 1206-1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and the type strains of phylogenetically related species were 52.7–73.7 % and 21.1–30.1 %, respectively. On the basis of the data obtained in the present study, a novel species, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus zhaodongensis</jats:italic> sp. nov. is proposed and the type strain is 1206-1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (=CCM 8981<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=CCTCC AB 2019200<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=LMG 31620<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>).</jats:p>

Proposal to reclassify Lactobacillus zhaodongensis, Lactobacillus zeae, Lactobacillus argentoratensis and Lactobacillus buchneri subsp. silagei as Lacticaseibacillus zhaodongensis comb. nov., Lacticaseibacillus zeae comb. nov., Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis comb. nov. and Lentilactobacillus buchneri subsp. silagei comb. nov., respectively and Apilactobacillus kosoi as a later heterotypic synonym of Apilactobacillus micheneri

“…zhaodongensis, pertaining to Zhaodong County, a county located in Heilongjiang province, PR China, where the bacterium was isolated). Li et al 2020 The description of Lacticaseibacillus zhaodongensis is identical to that proposed for Lactobacillus zhaodongensis [4].…”

“…argentoratensis of or pertaining to Argentoratus, the Roman name of the city of Strasbourg in Alsace, France, where the 14 strains were first collected and analysed). Li et al 2020 The description of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis is identical to that proposed for Lactobacillus argentoratensis [4].…”

“…After the rearrangement of the genus Lactobacillus was published by Zheng et al [2], Lactobacillus buchneri subsp. silagei , Lactobacillus zhaodongensis , Lactobacillus argentoratensis and Lactobacillus zeae have been successively and validly published, and Lactobacillus kosoi has also been reclassified [3–5].…”

“…The description of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis is identical to that proposed for Lactobacillus argentoratensis [4].…”

Unique Niche-specific Adaptation of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Proposal of Three Apilactobacillus Species as Novel Members of the Unique Group&nbsp;

“…are generally members of FLAB, and A. ozensis is, however, an atypical species in the genus due to the presence of a complete adhE gene. Lactobacillus kosoi, isolated from a sugar-vegetable fermented beverage [21], was recently classi ed as a member of the genus Apilactobacillus [10] but was only recently considered a later heterotypic synonym of A. micheneri [22]. Recent study found a strain of Leuconostoc citreum showing FLAB-like poor D-glucose metabolic property, due to the absence of an active promoter region upstream of the adhE gene [14].…”