Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and gas explosion

Nowadays, the common urban buildings are designed so that after moderate earthquakes that may strike them many times during their lifespan, no structural damage occurs and the buildings remain in operational state. One of the risks always endangering the safety and operation of the buildings after these earthquakes is the confined explosions such as the explosion of gas pipes located in the buildings. Despite its importance, less attention is paid to this thread in design of buildings. In this study, by presenting a probabilistic approach, the relationship to determine the risk of collapse and reliability of building is presented. As a case study, effect of the moderate earthquake on a four-story steel building with special moment frames and probability of sequence explosion of gas pipes in probable locations in ground floor have been investigated. Then, the resistance capacity of the damaged building under moderate earthquake followed by explosion against the progressive collapse has been evaluated. Finally, the probability of progressive collapse and reliability of the structure were calculated. Also the explosive weight ranges for building, for different scenarios, such as safety, minor damage is determined and finally, building's collapse risk and reliability have been determined by a probabilistic method and the results have been explained.

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“…In most cases, the natural gas is used that for which the equivalent TNT weight is obtained by Eqs. (2) and (3) [18]:…”

Section: Measurement Of Blast Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal curve of the explosion charge [26] elements. For steel structures subjected to blast effects, the strength of steel can increase significantly due to strain rate effects [2]. Figure 4 shows the approximate range of the expected rates for different loading conditions [21].…”

Section: Dynamic Characteristics Of the Materials Exposed To Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive collapse risk and reliability of buildings encountering limited gas–pipe explosion after moderate earthquakes

2020

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“…The main issue with conventional braced systems with a special concentric brace is the difference of tensional and compressive capacity such that in severe earthquakes when the compressive brace is buckled, tensional brace tolerates high non-elastic cycle deformations. As a result, in multi-story buildings braced with special concentric bracelets with decreasing hardness and resistances by buckling, the concentrated non-elastic lateral deformations in that story will increase [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of a Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) in Steel Structures and Comparison with a Convergent Ordinary Brace (OCB) Under Static and Dynamic Loading

Habibpour¹

2021

MST

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Bulk metallic glass (BMG) has good mechanical strength, high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance with promising application in various industries. However, for the industrial production of BMG, the main issue is how to overcome limitations of joining with other materials. The present study focuses on solder processing at low operating temperature to avoid exceeding the recrystallization temperature. A feasible joining process for BMG was developed using lead-free solders. The BMG surface is pre-plated with copper, nickel, or titanium as a wetting layer. The reaction temperature is set between the glass transition temperature of BMG and the melting point of the solder. After a reflowing and aging process, the joint sample was examined using SEM, EDS, EPMA, and XRD. The Cu-Zr based BMG can be successfully joined with Sn-58Bi solder after plating Cu on the BMG surface. A diffusion layer was observed and the thickness increased with longer aging time. The main components of the diffusion layer are ZrO2 and Cu10Zr7. AbstrakKajian Numerik Penjepit yang Ditahan Menekuk (BRB) pada Struktur-struktur Baja dan Perbandingan dengan Penjepit Biasa yang Konvergen (OCB) dengan Pembebanan Statis dan Dinamis. Filosofi rancangan gedung-gedung tahan gempa bumi telah mengalami banyak perubahan dalam tahun-tahun belakangan ini. Banyak sruktur yang dirancang dengan metode-metode tradisional, dan juga pengembangan metode-metode analisis serta kemajuan kinerja kompuer yang signifikan, merupakan faktor-faktor yang memberi kontribusi pada perubahan-perubahan tersebut. Di dalam kajian ini, ketahanan sruktur baja yang dijepit diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan penjepit yang ditahan menekuk (buckling restrained braces (BRB)) dan dibandingkan dengan suatu penjepit biasa yang konvergen (a convergent ordinary brace (OCB)). Gedung-gedung dengan 5, 8, 10, dan 12 lantai yang rancangannya buruk diperkokoh dengan BRB dan kinerjanya diinvestigasi dengan menggunakan analisis statis dan dinamis non linier. Di dalam kajian ini, penguatan bagian-bagian struktur lainnya pada penjepit tersebut diinvestigasi. Hasil-hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan sambungan plastis pada perpindahan ruang antara BRB k arah rangka-rangka pada pnjepit konvnsional lbih kcil karena menurunnya prilaku plastis sambungan dan distribusi prpindahan rlatif pada ruang antara.

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“…Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is generally used as a reference point for determining the power of explosion. The equivalence of TNT can be obtained from 132 coefficients listed in table 4 when explosive material is not a TNT-type material [1]- [4]. Explosive analyses have a history of several centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Viscoplastic Damper for Improving the Resistance of Steel Frames to Blast Loading

Abdollahzadeh

Faghihmaleki

Hamidi

et al. 2020

MST

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Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and gas explosion

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Progressive collapse risk and reliability of buildings encountering limited gas–pipe explosion after moderate earthquakes

Progressive collapse risk and reliability of buildings encountering limited gas–pipe explosion after moderate earthquakes

Numerical Study of a Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) in Steel Structures and Comparison with a Convergent Ordinary Brace (OCB) Under Static and Dynamic Loading

Use of Viscoplastic Damper for Improving the Resistance of Steel Frames to Blast Loading

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