Proposal of a CT scoring system of the paranasal sinuses in diagnosing cystic fibrosis

Sinonasal alterations in computed tomography scans in cystic fibrosis: a literature review of observational studies

“… Opacification of the anterior sinonasal complex was a constant feature of CF children and adults Advanced ethmomaxillary sinus opacification (59%) was observed in CF patients The rarity of sinus pneumatization variants was detected in CF patients with 2 mutations identified …”

“… Sphenoid sinus hypoplasia is very common in CF Hypoplasia of the sphenoid sinuses with pneumatization limited to the presphenoid is a characteristic feature in CF …”

Assessment of pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses: a comprehensive and validated metric

“…Previous work has been directed at these questions, but remains incomplete. For example, marked sinus hypoplasia in CF has been differentiated from controls by CT analysis . These instruments, however, have not been effective in discerning differences in patients with CRS or without sinus disease, and have been incompletely tested for observer reliability .…”

“…Sinus pneumatization and anatomic variants have been recognized as important parameters for the staging of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), preoperative planning, and describing disease states affecting sinus development . Nevertheless, characterizing the extent of paranasal sinus pneumatization by a comprehensive, systematic, and validated method has been elusive.…”

“…The lack of a validated and generalizable radiographic metric for assessing sinus pneumatization has hindered research to correlate paranasal sinus anatomy with various exposures and disease states. Previous work has been successful at differentiating cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from controls by sinus CT analysis; however, these instruments have not been effective in cohorts with CRS or the general population without sinus disease . A radiographic instrument that is simple to use, validated for rater reliability, and generalizable to all patients undergoing sinus CT has the potential for broad clinical application for the detection of inherent differences in paranasal sinus anatomy.…”