Proposal of a Cascade Photonic Crystal XOR Logic Gate for Optical Integrated Circuits with Investigation of Fabrication Error and Optical Power Changes

Abstract

A compact and simple structure is designed to create an all-optical XOR logic gate using a two-dimensional, photonic crystal lattice. The structure was implemented using three waveguides connected by two nano-resonators. The plane wave expansion method was used to obtain the photonic band gap and the finite-difference time-domain method was used to investigate the behavior of the electromagnetic field in the photonic crystal structure. Examining the high contrast ratio and high-speed cascade, all-optical XOR on a chip, the effects of fabrication error and the changes in the input optical power showed that the structure could be used in optical integrated circuits. The contrast ratio and data transfer rate of the cascade XOR logic gate were respectively obtained as 44.29 dB and 1.5 Tb/s. In addition, the designed structure had very small dimensions at 158.65 μm2 and required very low power to operate, which made it suitable for low-power circuits. This structure could also be used as a NOT logic gate. Therefore, an XNOR logic gate can be designed using XOR and NOT logic gates.

2D FDTD Electromagnetic Simulation of an Ultracompact All Optical Logic Gate Based on 2D Photonic Crystal for Ultrafast Applications

“…Furthermore, the performance of proposed design is also analyzed by finding out insertion loss, based on the obtained values from the simulation results. The insertion loss [31], [32], [33] is calculated by…”

Parallelized and Cascadable Optical Logic Operations by Few-Layer Diffractive Optical Neural Network

“…As a matter of fact, a variety of optical techniques have been applied to make optic logic gates, such as photonic crystals [18,19], plasmonic waveguides [20], silicon waveguides [21][22][23], metasurfaces [24].In addition to these techniques, single-pixel imaging [25] and semiconductor optical amplifiers [26] are examples. The study of optical logic gates is of importance and relevance because optical logic gate operations are regarded as the most fundamental issue regarding all-optical information processing systems.…”