Proposal for improving discharge quantification in urban drainage

Water level and discharge measurements

“…As the Hydrometry Charter (Banque Hydro, 1998) points out, hydrometry should not be a routine, but a profession open to technology, intelligence and questioning. It is the same state of mind that prompted many teams to develop computational fluid dynamics (CFD) skills and then studies to understand the hydraulics of sewers or to manage combined sewer overflows (Fach et al, 2008(Fach et al, , 2009Jarman et al, 2008) or to improve the implementation of sensors (Bonakdari, 2006;Bonakdari et al, 2008;El Bahlouli and Larrarte, 2018;Larrarte et al, 2004Larrarte et al, , 2010Larrarte et al, , 2017Lipeme Kouyi, 2004;Lipeme Kouyi et al, 2003Vazquez et al, 2005Vazquez et al, , 2006. Those numerical tools have also been used for flowmeter calibration by Hrabak et al (1998).…”

Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and pray

“…As the Hydrometry Charter (Banque Hydro, 1998) points out, hydrometry should not be a routine, but a profession open to technology, intelligence and questioning. It is the same state of mind that prompted many teams to develop computational fluid dynamics (CFD) skills and then studies to understand the hydraulics of sewers or to manage combined sewer overflows (Fach et al, 2008(Fach et al, , 2009Jarman et al, 2008) or to improve the implementation of sensors (Bonakdari, 2006;Bonakdari et al, 2008;El Bahlouli and Larrarte, 2018;Larrarte et al, 2004Larrarte et al, , 2010Larrarte et al, , 2017Lipeme Kouyi, 2004;Lipeme Kouyi et al, 2003Vazquez et al, 2005Vazquez et al, , 2006. Those numerical tools have also been used for flowmeter calibration by Hrabak et al (1998).…”

Bed-mounted electro magnetic meters: Assessment of the (missing) technical parameters

“…A number of investigations involving the usage of bed-mounted ADVs (Hughes et al, 1996;Larrarte et al, 2008), emphasized that the velocity measured 𝑉 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 is different from the mean flow velocity 𝑉, due to the local character of the measurements. Even in sites which satisfy the basic requirements, in terms of the straight sewer reaches with neither deposits nor singularities in the vicinity, a suitable extrapolation is needed to obtain the mean velocity over the entire wet cross section (El Bahlouli & Larrarte, 2018) for the expected range of flows. As EMVs are also measuring the velocity in the local, fixed volume CV, the same conclusions can be drawn.…”

“…The goal of the simplification is to allow the user to easily describe the EMV's operating principle. The simplified model and the appropriate technical parameters of the particular EMV sensor, allow the user to perform discharge assessment (or transiting in El Bahlouli & Larrarte, 2018), in specified geometric configuration of a conduit, for the expected range of flow rates (Ivetić et al, 2018b). The Faraday's law of induction is governed by the right-hand rule, therefore the main longitudinal velocity component 𝑉 𝑥 is also the dominant contributor to the output signal.…”

“…The standard calibration procedure (ISO3455, 2007), performed by the manufacturer is not covering these issues. This relationship should be assessed for the range of flows and hydraulic conditions, through the discharge assessment, or transiting, for given local geometric configuration (El Bahlouli & Larrarte, 2018;Ivetić et al, 2018b). Using numerical modelling of the velocity fields, the observed velocity can be simulated 𝑉 𝑆,𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 and correlated to the 𝑉, presuming that the sensor arrangement and technical parameters (describing the measurement principle) are known.…”