Proportion of Refractive Error and Its Associated Factors among High School Students in South India

Joseph, Nitin; Nelliyanil, Maria; Rekha, T; Majgi, Sumanth Mallikarjuna; Rai, Sharada; Kotian, Sushma R

doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2016/20798

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the prevalence of myopia in this study is relatively lower than other studies done in America (53.4%), Israel (20.3%), and India (19.1%). 4 , 16 , 19 In addition, in studies done in China (80%–95%), Hong Kong (85%–88%), and South Korea (96.54%), 3 , 9 , 20 the prevalence of myopia is very high as compared with this study. This difference might be because of the variation in race between the study participants and Asian descent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among high school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, 2016

Belete

Anbesse

Tsegaye³

et al. 2016

OPTO

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IntroductionMyopia is an important cause of correctable visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide. Prevalence rates are approximately 20%–35% among the older teenage population globally. It has a medical burden of pathologic complications such as maculopathy and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. High school students experience high-performance and study pressures in the preparation for the final national examination. As a result they are exposed to excessive near work and indoor activities. They are also ignored for regular screening.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among high school students in Gondar town, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 498 high school students with systematic random sampling method from April 18 to April 29, 2016, in three full-cycle high schools (9th–12th grades). A standardized structured questionnaire, Snellen acuity chart, pinhole, retinoscope, trial case lenses, pen torch, and direct ophthalmoscope were used to collect data.ResultsA total of 495 study participants were included, and they had a mean age of 17.48±1.59 years. The prevalence of myopia was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.2, 17.9). Family history of myopia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=8.08 [95% CI: 4.30, 15.16]), school being private (AOR=2.88 [95% CI: 1.02, 8.11]), longer time spent for near work (AOR=2.89 [95% CI: 1.12, 7.43]), longer time spent partaking in indoor activities (AOR=4.32 [95% CI: 1.69, 10.99]), shorter near working distance (AOR=3.06 [95% CI: 1.33, 7.06]), lack of outdoor sport activities (AOR=2.27 [95% CI: 1.05, 4.90]), use of visual display units (AOR=2.81 [95% CI: 1.30, 6.10]), and abnormal ocular findings (AOR=6.69 [CI: 3.43, 13.03]) were found to be independently associated with myopia.ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia was 11.9%. Family history for myopia, school being private, longer time spent partaking in indoor activities, shorter working distance, lack of outdoor sport activities, use of visual display units, and presence of abnormal ocular findings were positively associated with myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among high school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, 2016

Belete

Anbesse

Tsegaye³

et al. 2016

OPTO

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“…This was slightly higher than that reported by other studies in South India. 8,11 Tests of association revealed that high screen time (≥3 hours/day) and incorrect posture were significantly associated with presence of refractive error. There is evidence that extensive viewing of the computer or TV or cell phone screen can lead to eye strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological study on ocular morbidities among school students in an urban area of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal

Mohanta

Dasgupta

Pan

et al. 2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The estimated national prevalence of childhood blindness was 0.8 per 1000. Childhood blindness is a priority area because of the number of years of blindness in the life-time of a child. About one-third of India's blind lose their eye-sight before the age of 20 years making early detection and treatment of ocular morbidity very crucial. This study aimed at estimating the proportion of ocular morbidities among school students in a secondary school in an urban area of West Bengal.Methods: It was a cross-sectional institution-based observational study conducted in August 2017 among 151 school students of 7th to 9th standard in an urban area of West Bengal. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire followed by checking of visual acuity by Snellen’s chart. Visual acuity of 6/9 or more in any one eye was taken as a sign of visual impairment. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Out of 151 students, 51.0% were found to have refractive error. The most frequently reported was difficulty in seeing among 43.7% of the students followed by headache while studying (36.4%) and pain in eyes (35.1%). Also, 9.9% of the students reported difficulty in seeing at night. Tests of association revealed that posture and screen time were significantly associated with presence of refractive error.Conclusions: The study revealed that high prevalence of refractive error among school students. Periodic screening of school children and spreading of awareness regarding correct posture and screen time are very essential to improve the quality of eye sight.

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“…The other possible cause of these differences is the emmetrope group in our study sample. We described refractive errors in four groups of emmetropia, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism while a few previous studies reported the prevalence rate among subjects with refractive errors (41)(42)(43). Regardless of emmetropia, 35.47% of the refractive errors were myopia (SE ≤ -0.50 D), 25.28% hyperopia (SE ≥ + 0.50 D), and 39.25% astigmatism in our investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Army Air Force Soldiers in Isfahan, 2017 - 2018

Aghataheri

Shirzadi

Khosravifard

2018

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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Background: Refractive errors are a major reason for visual impairments that can occur at any age. One of the most important target populations for refractive errors investigation is the military population. Objectives: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in Iranian Army Air Force soldiers who presented to Shahid Babaee Hospital of Isfahan.Methods: 500 male military soldiers with the age range of 18 to 29 years (mean age ± standard deviation (STD) 19.9 ± 1.6 years) were recruited in the study. We set the spherical equivalent (SE) based on dry retinoscopy cutoff points of -0.50 diopter (D) for myopia and + 0.50 D for hyperopia. The cylinder error of ≥ 0.75 D was considered as astigmatism.Results: The data of 500 consecutive participants complying with the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed. All the 500 participants were men for whom, the overall prevalence of myopia (SE ≤ -0.50 D), hyperopia (SE ≥ 0.50 D), and astigmatism was 18.8%[95% confidence interval (CI): 15.5 -22.5], 13.4% (95% CI: 10.5 -16.7), and 20.8% (95% CI: 17.3 -24.6), respectively. With-the-rule (WTR) and simple astigmatism were found to be more frequent. Conclusions:The results indicated that the prevalence of refractive errors in Iranian Army Air Force soldiers is significantly high despite the prior screening. Due to their visual activities during the military period, accurate optometric and ophthalmic examinations would be helpful.

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Proportion of Refractive Error and Its Associated Factors among High School Students in South India

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among high school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, 2016

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among high school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, 2016

An epidemiological study on ocular morbidities among school students in an urban area of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Army Air Force Soldiers in Isfahan, 2017 - 2018

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