Proportion of adult community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae among Hajj pilgrims in 2016

Abstract

CAP during Hajj has an important clinical impact. A proportion of CAP cases among Hajj pilgrims were attributable to S. pneumoniae, a pathogen for which vaccines are available. Additional studies to determine the serotypes causing pneumococcal disease could further inform vaccine policy for Hajj pilgrims.

Impact of the Hajj on pneumococcal carriage and the effect of various pneumococcal vaccines

“…Respiratory diseases are the most common infections during the pilgrimage. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization and the primary cause of critical illness among pilgrims [2][3][4]. Pneumonia occurs preferentially in the second week, between days 5-15 coinciding with the actual pilgrimage, when the pilgrim density is maximal [5].…”

“…Pneumonia occurs preferentially in the second week, between days 5-15 coinciding with the actual pilgrimage, when the pilgrim density is maximal [5]. A more recent study showed that most cases of CAP related to the Hajj, whom 71% required hospitalization, occur the week after the pilgrimage, just after the peak, corresponding to the incubation time after the acquisition of the bacteria before the onset of symptoms [3]. The etiology of respiratory tract infection is complex, and a wide variety of bacteria and viruses are associated with respiratory disorders, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being one of the most common pathogens isolated from patients [5].…”

“…The etiology of respiratory tract infection is complex, and a wide variety of bacteria and viruses are associated with respiratory disorders, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being one of the most common pathogens isolated from patients [5]. The prevalence of CAP attributable to S. pneumoniae among pilgrims was evaluated to 18% based on culture and urinary antigen detection test [3].…”

WITHDRAWN: Impact of the Hajj on pneumococcal carriage and the effect of various pneumococcal vaccines

“…Pneumonia occurs preferentially in the second week, between days 5-15 coinciding with the actual pilgrimage, when the pilgrim density is maximal [5]. A more recent study showed that most cases of CAP related to the Hajj, whom 71% required hospitalization, occur the week after the pilgrimage, just after the peak, corresponding to the incubation time after the acquisition of the bacteria before the onset of symptoms [3]. The etiology of respiratory tract infection is complex, and a wide variety of bacteria and viruses https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.017 0264-410X/Ó 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

“…are associated with respiratory disorders, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being one of the most common pathogens isolated from patients [5]. The prevalence of CAP attributable to S. pneumoniae among pilgrims was evaluated to 18% based on culture and urinary antigen detection test [3].…”