Propolis Research in Russia

Abstract

This review presents data on the current propolis research in Russia. The chemical composition, color, aroma and appearance of propolis are influenced by natural and climatic factors, the collection region and the originality of the flora in the collection place. Within Russia, organoleptic, physicochemical and chemical properties of propolis vary considerably. The article provides information on methods for assessing its quality. Propolis is widely used in folk and alternative branches of medicine in Russia. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as well as the possibility of using extracts on its basis for gastric ulcer, diabetes, periodontitis, radiation disease, gynecological diseases, tuberculosis, anemia, myocardial ischemia and cerebral ischemia, have been established. Propolis is used in the food industry, cosmetology, agriculture and veterinary medicine.

Impact of Plant Origin on Eurasian Propolis on Phenolic Profile and Classical Antioxidant Activity

“…Main unexplored and weakly explored regions are Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Propolis from Russia (main area of this research) was previously investigated by means of LC-DAD [ 5 , 6 ], LC-MS [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], GC-MS after silylation [ 10 ], and some antioxidant assays [ 5 , 8 ]. However, most of these studies investigated only a few antioxidant properties of Russian propolis samples or LC-MS, and antioxidant properties were not the target of the research.…”

“…Our direct target of research was aqueous ethanol extract (70:30; ethanol: water; v / v ) due to its wide use in folk medicine and good extracting capacity of polyphenols. UPLC-DAD-MS was chosen as an analytical method because of its adequacy and being an up to date method for polyphenol research in bee products such as propolis [ 1 , 2 , 5 ]. Antioxidant tests were chosen due to their complementarity.…”

From propolis to nanopropolis: An exemplary journey and a paradigm shift of a resinous substance produced by bees

“…In Russia, propolis is commonly used as folklore and alternative medi- (Fedotova & Konovalov, 2019). Table 1 summarizes different types of propolis on the basis of its origin and their major bioactive constituents.…”

“…The buds of Betula sp. mainly B. pendula are the primary source of phenylalanine in the temperate region of Russia (Fedotova & Konovalov, 2019). Flavonoids such as pinostrobin and pinocembrin, as well as phenylpropanoids such as ferulic, coumaric, and caffeic acids are the key components of Populus sp.…”

“…Modern Russian homeopathic propolis‐based drugs include propolis tincture, proposol spray for local use, rectal suppositories such as propolis DN, Propolan Edas‐150 as oral drop, and propolis homeopathic mixture as ointment. All these propolis‐based preparations are available in the Russian market (Fedotova & Konovalov, 2019). Table 1 summarizes different types of propolis on the basis of its origin and their major bioactive constituents.…”