Propolis polyphenols: A review on the composition and anti-obesity mechanism of different types of propolis polyphenols

Abstract

Obesity, one of the most common nutritional diseases worldwide, can lead to dyslipidemia, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and inflammation. Some drugs have been developed to ameliorate obesity. However, these drugs may cause serious side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative “natural” remedies including propolis. Studies have found that propolis has excellent anti-obesity activity in in vitro and in vivo models during the past decades, of which polyphenols are the key component in regulating weight loss. This review focused on the different polyphenol compositions of propolis from different regions and plants, the evidence for the anti-obesity effects of different types of propolis and its derivatives, discussed the impact of propolis polyphenols on obesity related signal pathways, and proposed the molecular mechanism of how propolis polyphenols affect these signal pathways. For example, propolis and its derivatives regulate lipid metabolism related proteins, such as PPARα, PPARγ, SREBP-1&2, and HMG CoA etc., destroy the formation of CREB/CRTC2 transcription complex, activate Nrf2 pathway or inhibit protein kinase IKK ε/TBK1, thereby affecting fat production and lipid metabolism; The effects of propolis on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and inflammatory factors) were discussed. Additionally, the mechanism of polyphenols in propolis promoting the browning of adipose tissues and the relationship between intestinal microorganisms was summarized. These information may be of value to better understand how specific propolis polyphenols interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.

Exploring the Prospective Role of Propolis in Modifying Aging Hallmarks

“…In an osteoarthritis rat model, a study highlighted the positive impact of quercetin treatment on mitigating intestinal flora disorder and restoring fecal metabolite abnormalities [ 166 ]. Multiple studies have been undertaken to investigate the influence of propolis and its key constituents on gut microbiota in both health and disease settings [ 53 , 85 , 97 , 98 , 154 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 ]. Although early research suggests that propolis may help optimize gut health, more comprehensive studies are needed before clinical recommendations can be made.…”

Is Propolis a Potential Anti-Obesogenic Agent for Obesity?

“…Various research has demonstrated that phenolic components such as catechin, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid have been associated to energy expenditure and lower body mass index (BMI) [ 18 – 22 ]. Polyphenols may have a role in body weight management by activating-oxidation, inducing satiety, increasing energy expenditure, promoting adipocyte death, and stimulating lipolysis [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Flavonoids from Mimosa tenuiflora Green Propolis: Chemotaxonomy, Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammation, Anti‐Bacteria, Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, and In Silico Approach

“…Propolis was reported to contain 10 % volatile compounds, 50–55 % resins (flavonoids, phenolic acids and, their esters), 30–40 % beeswax, 5–10 % pollens, and other substances [3] . The plant source dictates the chemical makeup of propolis, which is influenced by various factors like season, climate, bee species, and collection techniques.…”

“…Propolis was used by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans for its general medicinal properties as well as for the treatment of specific skin ailments [3] . Propolis has long been known for its ability to reduce inflammation and treat wounds and ulcers [2,3] . Its pharmaceutical application is still used today in treatments and personal care products.…”

“…The plant source dictates the chemical makeup of propolis, which is influenced by various factors like season, climate, bee species, and collection techniques. Currently, propolis has been found to include over 300 different components [3] . Propolis has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, at least 300 BC [2] .…”