Propolis Contra Pharmacological Interventions in Bees

Wojtacka, Joanna

doi:10.3390/molecules27154914

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This is a desirable condition since a higher ash content may suggest the presence of inorganic impurities or contamination [34]. In addition, high levels of waxes can adversely affect propolis' purity and quality and could indicate poor processing or contamination [35,36]. Regarding the water content, the unprocessed samples displayed slightly higher values than those reported in the literature for Portuguese propolis (≤5%), but within the values validated by the TRPIQ (≤8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Examination of Raw Samples and Ethanol Extracts of Gerês Propolis Collected in Different Years

Caetano,

Oliveira,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Plants

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Propolis, a natural resin created by bees, has garnered significant attention from both the scientific community and industry due to an impressive range of bioactivities. Nonetheless, the intrinsic variability in its chemical composition and bioactive profiles has been hindering propolis’ full potential use. We previously showed that ethanol extracts (EEs) of a Portuguese propolis sample (Gerês) collected over four consecutive years displayed similar chemical and biological profiles, a constancy never documented before. However, the characteristics of the unprocessed samples of Gerês propolis were never described. Hence, the central objective of this study is to assess the quality parameters of unprocessed propolis samples collected from Gerês (G), over a four-year period (2019–2022), alongside the analysis of the chemical composition and bioactivities of the EEs prepared with the same raw samples. The ash, wax, balsam and water contents of the unprocessed samples—G19 to G22—showed minor fluctuations, likely attributed to uncontrollable natural events impacting the propolis source and collection process. On the other hand, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of all the four ethanol extracts (G19.EE–G22.EE) consistently align with prior studies. Furthermore, the Gerês propolis extracts showed remarkable uniformity in chemical composition parameters too, particularly concerning total polyphenol, flavonoid and ortho-diphenol contents. In summary, our research reinforces the beneficial properties of propolis and show that extracts’ bioactivities remain within the reference ranges for Gerês propolis, despite minor differences in unprocessed samples, suggesting a consistent action over time. Thus, this work could be instrumental towards the establishment of standard parameters for propolis applications, offering valuable insights to this field of propolis research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Examination of Raw Samples and Ethanol Extracts of Gerês Propolis Collected in Different Years

Caetano,

Oliveira,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Furthermore, the high wax content of propolis must be removed during the extraction process to avoid consumption. The process of eliminating wax from propolis not only ensures its purity but also results in the reduction of unwanted fat-soluble compounds, such as drug residues [ 81 ].…”

Section: Active Compounds Of Propolismentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights of propolis nanoformulation and its therapeutic potential in human diseases

Kustiawan,

Syaifie,

Siregar

et al. 2024

ADMET DMPK

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Background and purpose: Scientific research is crucial to develop therapies for various disease severity levels, as modern drugs cause side effects and are difficult to predict. Researchers are exploring herbal alternatives with fewer side effects, particularly propolis, which has been validated through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. This will focus on scientific evidence and its supporting technology for developing new bioactive compounds for chronic diseases. Nanotechnology can improve the delivery and absorption of herbal medicines, which often have poor bioavailability due to their high molecular weight and solubility in water, particularly in oral medicines. This technology can enhance propolis's effects through multi-target therapy and reduce side effects. Experimental approach: All publications related to each section of this review were discovered using the search engines Google Scholar, Scopus, and Pubmed. This was only available for publication between 2013 and 2023. The selected publications were used as references in this review after being thoroughly studied. Key results: Evaluation of propolis active compounds, the classification of propolis nano formulations, design concepts, and mechanisms of action of propolis nano formulation. Additionally, the challenges and prospects for how these insights can be translated into clinical benefits are discussed. Conclusion: In the last ten years, a list of nanoformulation propolis has been reported. This review concludes the difficulties encountered in developing large-scale nanoformulations. To commercialize them, improvements in nano carrier synthesis, standardized evaluation methodology within the framework of strategy process improvement, and Good Manufacturing Practices would be required.

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“…Other authors noted that in Poland, propolis is divided into two quality classes, which are determined based on the presence of substances and compounds insoluble in 95 % ethanol, tested after filtering the ethanol extract of propolis through filter paper [20]. Such substances include: wax, wood chips, dead bees and other solid contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the composition of propolis as a subject of processing into food products

Dvykaliuk

2022

TAPR

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The object of the research is samples of propolis collected by various means from different regions of Ukraine. The main problem that is being solved is the search for optimal, efficient, and food industry-approved methods of collecting propolis as a raw material of processing into food products. The influence of the main methods of propolis collection on the key quality indicators of propolis for its application as a raw material in the food industry has been studied. The differences in the main raw material indicators across regions of Ukraine have been evaluated. The use of propolis collection methods that do not meet the safety requirements of the food industry is a common practice in beekeeping farms. The acceptability of the raw material for use in the food industry is based on its compliance with the requirements of current regulatory and legal acts on quality. However, the updating and revision of regulatory acts in view of production realities occur slowly and with significant delays. This approach reduces the volume of raw materials available for industrial use due to technical barriers and outdated regulatory acts on quality. In the course of the research, results were obtained based on such indicators as the mass fraction of wax, mechanical impurities and flavonoid compounds in propolis collected from three regions of Ukraine. The levels of indicators in the studied samples do not meet the requirements defined by DSTU 4662:2006. At the same time, the regulatory requirements of DSTU 4662:2006 and the research methods do not align with the finalized project ISO/DIS 24381, which is currently in the final stages of adoption as the primary international standard. The use of means of collection in the production of propolis raw materials, which are allowed to come into contact with food products, taking into account also the review of quality regulatory acts and bringing them into line with international documents, can contribute to improving the availability of this product as a food raw material. Propolis producers should pay attention to the sources of propolis located in ecologically clean areas with minimal industrial impact and adhere to proper beekeeping practices to obtain high-quality raw materials. The obtained results can be used to develop an industrial technology for the production of propolis as a raw material for food production.

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Propolis Contra Pharmacological Interventions in Bees

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Examination of Raw Samples and Ethanol Extracts of Gerês Propolis Collected in Different Years

Examination of Raw Samples and Ethanol Extracts of Gerês Propolis Collected in Different Years

New insights of propolis nanoformulation and its therapeutic potential in human diseases

Exploring the composition of propolis as a subject of processing into food products

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