Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

Munkongwongsiri, Natthinee; Prachumwat, Anuphap; Eamsaard, Wiraya; Lertsiri, Kanokwan; Flegel, Timothy W.; Stentiford, Grant D.; Sritunyalucksana, Kallaya

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2022.107784

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium is found in marine habitats, typically in sediments. Munkongwongsiri et al (2022) suggested that Vibrio and Propionigenium should be tested in combination with EHP as potential component causes of EHP-White Feces Syndrome in P. vannamei . There were no reports of white feces in our survey, but Propionigenium prevalence in high copy numbers could be considered as an indication of a decaying bottom environment and could be used in the future as bioindicator for risk of white feces syndrome or other problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Intriago,

Medina,

Cercado

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Multiple PCR analyzes were performed using 19 different primer sets to open and broaden the search spectrum for shrimp pathogens. In addition, multiple primer pairs for 10 pathogens were compared to see if there were differences in selectivity or sensitivity among them. Some pathogens that did not present histological lesions were detected. The most important outcome was that selection of appropriate primers was the most critical factor in obtaining reliable results. We found high variability in results among primers and we learned it was prudent to seasonally assess among them for the best set selection. It is important to understand that a PCR positive test result alone does not confirm the presence of a viable pathogen or a disease state. Nor, as might be expected, does it mean that the positive PCR test results will be necessarily accompanied by histological lesions characteristic of the targeted pathogen. However, the use of appropriately selected primers sets can reveal whether there is an evolution in the result spectrum over time and if some pathogens disappear or reappear or new ones emerge. In general, most shrimp presented coinfections that consisted of the presence of WzSV8, DHPV, chronic midgut inflammation and tubule distension/epithelial atrophy consistent with Pir A/B toxicity. Also included were RLB/NHPB, microsporidia, striated muscle necrosis, gregarines in the hindgut caecum (gametocyte stage, and not associated with tegumental glands but glands that line the mouth and anus) and encysted, presumed nematode larvae. WzSV8 was newly discovered in gonads. Histological changes and the presence of spheroids in the lymphoid organ were considered as healthy host responses of often unidentified cause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Intriago,

Medina,

Cercado

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Recently, Bergen et al (2022) showed that shell disease lesions in C. pagurus caught in the Baltic Sea have reduced microbial community composition with an increase in Aquimarina spp. Overall, shell disease is one of an expanding group of conditions displaying the polymicrobial nature of invertebrate pathologies (Bass et al, 2019;Munkongwongsiri et al, 2022;Petton et al, 2021;Sharma & Ravindran, 2020).…”

Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans

Rowley

Coates

2023

Environmental Microbiology

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The term shell disease subsumes a number of debilitating conditions affecting the outer integument (the carapace) of decapod crustaceans, such as lobsters and crabs. Herein, we seek to find commonality in the aetiology and pathology of such conditions, and those cases that result in the progressive erosion of the cuticle through to the visceral tissues by a cocktail of microbial-derived enzymes including lipases, proteases and chitinases. Aquimarina spp. are involved in shell disease in many different crustaceans across a wide geographical area, but the overall view is that the condition is polymicrobial in nature leading to dysbiosis within the microbial consortium of the damaged cuticle. The role of environment, decapod behaviour and physiology in triggering this disease is also reviewed. Finally, we provide a conceptual model for disease aetiology and suggest several avenues for future research that could improve our understanding of how such factors trigger, or exacerbate, this condition.

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“…At the late stage of EHP infection, shrimp usually exhibit soft shells, reduced food intake, drowsiness and other physiological phenomena. In addition, it has been suggested that there is a relationship between EHP and white feces syndrome, which is characterized by white feces and the detection of EHP spores in the feces of shrimp, and can lead to shrimp death in severe cases [12][13][14]. It is well known that normal material metabolism is a necessary condition to ensure the growth and development of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) Infection Alters the Metabolic Processes and Induces Oxidative Stress in Penaeus vannamei

Cao,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is highly contagious and can cause hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM), which is typically characterized by the slow growth of shrimp. In this study, the differences in histology, metabolism, oxidative stress and growth between healthy and EHP-infected Penaeus vannamei were analyzed using an EHP challenge experiment. Histology showed that EHP caused lesions in the hepatic tubules of P. vannamei, such as hepatic tubular atrophy and epithelial cell shedding, with mature spores. Meanwhile, white feces may appear when the infection is severe. Furthermore, the content of total protein, glycogen, ATP and glucose in the EHP challenge group was significantly reduced. The qPCR results showed that EHP infection changed the expression of key genes in glucose metabolism, among which hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvatekinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS) and isocitric dehydrogenase (IDH) were significantly down-regulated, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose bisphosphatase (FBP) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) were significantly up-regulated. Obviously, the expression of growth-related genes was disordered. Simultaneously, the antioxidant genes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and nuclear factor E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) were up-regulated to varying degrees in the EHP challenge group, and EHP infection induced significant increases in the oxidative damage products lipid peroxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Ultimately, the shrimp weight of the challenge group was 6.85 ± 0.86 g, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (8.95 ± 0.75 g). Taken together, we speculate that EHP changes the substance metabolism and growth process by causing oxidative damage to the hepatopancreas, which may lead to the growth retardation of P. vannamei.

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Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) Infection Alters the Metabolic Processes and Induces Oxidative Stress in Penaeus vannamei

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