-Propiolactone/Ultraviolet Irradiation: A review of Its Effectiveness for Inactivation of Viruses in Blood Derivatives

Prince, Alfred M.; Stephan, W.; Brotman, Betsy

doi:10.1093/clinids/5.1.92

Cited by 109 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This enzyme is a major gatekeeper in the early sequence of carbohydrate metabolism, phosphorylatConcern regarding viral contamination of red cells by agents both known and unknown has stimulated interest in the purification of red cells destined for transfusion. Sug gested purification procedures include chemical inactiva tion [1], photochemical inactivation [2,3], and physical elimination of contaminating organisms [4]. It is inevitable that a final washing of the cells will be a component of any of these procedures, either to eliminate inactivating com pounds or as part of the deletion of the agents themselves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigerated Storage of Washed Red Cells

Meryman¹,

Hornblower²,

Keegan³

et al. 1991

Vox Sanguinis

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Red cells washed and stored in a citrate-phosphate-glucose-adenine solution at pH 7.4-7.6 demonstrate excellent maintenance of adenosine triphosphate, elevation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate well above normal levels for more than 6 weeks, reduced hemolysis and 24-hour in vivo survival comparable to that of cells stored in ADSOL. These results can be attributed in part to a chloride shift in which the washout of intracellular chloride is associated with an influx of OH^-, which increases intracellular pH and thereby increases the rate of glycolysis. The phosphate functions primarily as a buffer to maintain both extra- and intracellular pH. Reducing the effective osmolality of the storage solution reduces hemolysis and improves cell morphology.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigerated Storage of Washed Red Cells

Meryman¹,

Hornblower²,

Keegan³

et al. 1991

Vox Sanguinis

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“…Prince et al (1983) have reported that the increase in serum transaminase occurs earlier after infection with greater amounts of infectious HCV inoculated. However, this correlation varies considerably from animal to animal.…”

Section: Follow-up Of Hepatitis C Virus Infection In Chimpanzeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees: determination of viraemia and specific humoral immune response

Hilfenhaus

Krupka

Nowak

et al. 1992

Journal of General Virology

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Chimpanzees were inoculated intravenously with the H strain of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and analysed for viraemia using the polymerase chain reaction and for a humoral immune response using first and second generation anti-HCV ELISAs and an immunoblot assay (4-RIBA). In all seven chimpanzees studied, viraemia occurred several weeks before a significant increase in serum alanine transferase (ALT) activity, whereas the first circulating anti-HCV antibodies became detectable at the time of significant increase in ALT levels, provided the second generation ELISA or 4-RIBA was used. On the basis of the duration of viraemia the chimpanzees studied could be assigned to two different groups: those in which viraemia disappeared in conjunction with or shortly after seroconversion, and those remaining viraemic for many weeks after the appearance of antibodies. The clearance of HCV from the circulation did not correlate with the antibody pattern determined using 4-RIBA, i.e. the HCV-specific assays currently available do not enable us to predict whether an infected chimpanzee will develop persistent viraemia. Only two of the seven chimpanzees analysed developed anti-core protein (c-22) antibodies, which appeared at the same time as the first ALT peak, whereas all animals developed antibodies to the non-structural protein, c-33, and these antibodies persisted.Only after the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome had been cloned by Choo et al. (1989) was it possible to develop specific assays, such as ELISA, recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to diagnose HCV infection. These assays can now be used to study the development of viraemia and the specific immune response in HCV-infected chimpanzees, the only experimental animals sensitive to HCV. Shimizu et al. (1990) published a study on the early stages of HCV infection in chimpanzees, focusing on the determination of viraemia by PCR. Their study of the humoral immune response was limited to the first generation assay, detecting antibodies to c-100 only, a recombinant polypeptide that represents part of a nonstructural HCV protein.We have extended these studies on HCV viraemia and the specific immune response in chimpanzees using the assays developed most recently. The seven animals investigated were positive (HCV-infected) controls from studies in which the inactivation of HCV by various methods included in the procedures for manufacturing human plasma proteins for therapeutic use had been studied (Mauler et aL, 1987). The HCV isolate used for spiking the source plasma preparations in these studies was the human H pool plasma, now designated H strain (Ogata etal., 1991). Chimpanzees inoculated with HCVspiked human plasma or plasma derivatives were regarded as being HCV-infected when the serum alanine transferase (ALT) activity increased significantly, and infections with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be excluded.We demonstrate that the chi...

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“…This material is plasma from a single chronic HBsAg carrier containing hepatitisB e antigen, HBV DNA polymerase and 108'9 HBV DNA molecules/ml [6].…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on incubation period analysis, this plasma was estimated to contain 108 9 chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of HBV/ml [6] and infected 1 of 2 chimpanzees inoculated with 1ml of a 10-7 dilution. This plasma is stored in multiple aliquots at -70"C.…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Hepatitis B and Hutchinson Strain Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Viruses by Exposure to Tween 80 and Ether

Prince¹,

Horowitz²,

Brotman³

et al. 1984

Vox Sanguinis

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Titrated stocks of hepatitis B virus and Hutchinson strain non-A, non-B hepatitis virus were diluted in normal serum to contain, respectively, ≥10^6 and ≥10^4 chimpanzee infectious doses (CID(50)) per milliliter and exposed to 1% Tween 80 and 20% ether at 4°C for 18 h. After evaporation of the ether, the treated sera were each inoculated into two chimpanzees. The animals remained free of serologic and biochemical evidence of hepatitis during a 6-month follow-up period, and were then shown to be susceptible to infection by challenge with the original untreated inocula. To assess the effect of exposure to Tween 80/ether on coagulation factors, four lots of antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrate and 2 lots of commercial factor IX concentrate were treated as above. For the AHF concentrate there was an average of 70% recovery of factor VIII procoagulant activity, 93% recovery of factor VIII-related antigen, and 73% recovery of fibronectin opsonin activity and no detectable change in ristocetin cofactor activity or in fibronectin antigen. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed no change in migration rate of fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), although the quantity of fibrinogen was reduced. Factor VIII procoagulant activity and vWF activity remained associated during chromatography on BioGel A15.

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-Propiolactone/Ultraviolet Irradiation: A review of Its Effectiveness for Inactivation of Viruses in Blood Derivatives

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

Refrigerated Storage of Washed Red Cells

Refrigerated Storage of Washed Red Cells

Follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees: determination of viraemia and specific humoral immune response

Inactivation of Hepatitis B and Hutchinson Strain Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Viruses by Exposure to Tween 80 and Ether

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