Prophylactic Valacyclovir to Prevent Outbreaks of Primary Herpes Gladiatorum at a 28-Day Wrestling Camp

Anderson, Bruce J.; McGuire, Dennis P.; Reed, Megan R.; Foster, Monique A.; Ortiz, Deanna M.

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000255

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7] Authors of these studies examined herpes gladiatorum outbreaks [4][5][6] and related emergency department referrals. 7 Interestingly, though prevalent at the wrestling camp and starting as early as the fourth day of camp, 4 participants in our sport-camp program did not experience a documented outbreak of herpes gladiatorum for any sport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury and Illness Epidemiology at a Summer Sport-Camp Program, 2008 Through 2011

Oller

Buckley

Sebastianelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: University-sponsored summer sport camps often employ athletic trainers; however, there is a dearth of epidemiologic studies describing the injury and illness experience of sport-camp participants to guide clinicians.Objective: To describe the injury and illness experience of youth participants at a university-sponsored summer sport-camp program during a 4-year period.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university that sponsored 76 to 81 camps for 28 sports each summer.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 44 499 camp participants enrolled during the 4 years. Male and female participants ranged in age from 10 to 17 years and in athletic skill from novice to elite.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data from handwritten injury and illness log books, maintained by sports health care personnel, were accessed retrospectively, entered into an electronic spreadsheet, and coded. Data were applied to the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System. ParticipantÀpersonnel contacts, defined as any instance when a participant sought health care services from personnel, were calculated per 100 participants. Injury and illness rates were calculated per 10 000 exposures, measured in participant-days. The distribution of injury and illness conditions and affected body regions were calculated.Results: There were 11 735 contacts, for an overall rate of 26 per 100 participants, and 4949 injuries and illnesses, for a rate of 1 per 10 000 participant-days. Participants at single-sex camps were less likely to sustain injuries and illnesses than participants at coeducational camps (rate ratio [RR] ¼ 0.49; 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.45, 0. 35; P , .001, and RR ¼ 0.47; 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.43, 0.51; P , .001, respectively). The lower extremity was injured most frequently (27.9%). Most injury and illness conditions were dermatologic (37.1%).Conclusions: The contact and injury and illness differences observed among sports and between sexes demonstrated potential differences in the sports health care needs of camp participants. These data can be used to make evidence-based clinical decisions, such as determining injury-prevention strategies and sports health care staffing needs.Key Words: injury and illness surveillance, sports health care, youth sports Key PointsInjury and illness surveillance at university-sponsored summer sport-camp programs is needed. Sports health care coverage is essential at university-sponsored summer sport-camp programs. The findings from this study may be used to help establish best-practice standards as a means to guide sports health care services and personnel operating in this distinctive environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though several sportcamp studies have been conducted, the findings may not be generalizable, as these authors have focused on a single sport or single medical condition and elite participants. [4][5][6][7][8] The studies yielded useful information, but they were very focused and represent only a small sample of sport camps.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and Illness Epidemiology at a Summer Sport-Camp Program, 2008 Through 2011

Oller

Buckley

Sebastianelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Previous literature on collegiate wrestlers' skin infections has been limited to case studies 9,[16][17][18][19] or broader descriptive studies in which skin infections represented 1 combined injury category. 1,3,7,10,14 Therefore, these data provide the largest in-depth examination of recent skin infection data from multiple collegiate wrestling teams, which can help inform skin infectionprevention protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Nevertheless, the existing research has limitations. First, the literature on collegiate wrestling skin infections is often limited to case studies 9,[16][17][18][19] or 1 category for skin infections within broader descriptive epidemiologic studies of wrestling injuries. 1,3,7,10,14 These studies limit our ability to analyze specific diagnoses and clustering of skin infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Skin Infections in Men's Wrestling: Analysis of 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014 National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

Herzog

Fraser

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate skin infection and exposure data collected by the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate men's wrestling student-athletes.Main Outcome Measure(s): All viral, bacterial, or fungal skin infections reported by athletic trainers at 17 NCAA programs were analyzed, providing 35 team-seasons of data. Skin infection rates per 10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios, skin infection proportions, and skin infection proportion ratios were calculated.Results: The athletic trainers reported 112 skin infections contracted by 87 student-athletes across 78 720 AEs. The overall skin infection rate was 14.23/10 000 AEs (95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 11.59, 16.86). Of the skin infections identified, 22.3% (n ¼ 25) were recurrent skin infections. Most skin infections (65.2%) were attributable to 5 team-seasons (range, 11-19 infections). Most skin infections occurred during the regular season (n ¼ 76, 67.9%), were identified during practice (n ¼ 100, 89.3%), and resulted in 24 hours' time loss (n ¼ 83, 74.1%). The rate for viral skin infections was 1.72 times the rate for bacterial skin infections (95% CI ¼ 1.09, 2.72) and 2.08 times the rate for fungal skin infections (95% CI ¼ 1.28, 3.39). Fungal skin infections more often resulted in time loss ,24 hours compared with all other skin infections (75.0% versus 12.5%; infection proportion ratio ¼ 6.00; 95% CI ¼ 3.30, 10.92).Conclusions: Our findings highlight the contagiousness of skin infections and suggest that skin infection rates may be attributable to high incidences among particular teams.Key Words: skin conditions, outbreaks, dermatology Key PointsMost infections were reported during the regular season and practices, yet they resulted in at least 24 hours of time loss. The majority of skin infections were attributable to 5 team-seasons.

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“…Among 55 of these wrestlers who were HSV type 1 immunoglobulin G seronegative at the beginning of the camp and had postcamp serologic testing performed, none developed detectable immunoglobulin M against HSV type 1 or HSV type 2. 94 However, there is need for a detailed riskbenefit analysis of using valacyclovir for prophylaxis in wrestlers who are seronegative for herpes.…”

Section: Prevention Of Hg and Hr Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control

2017

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Participation in organized sports has a variety of health benefits but also has the potential to expose the athlete to a variety of infectious diseases, some of which may produce outbreaks. Major risk factors for infection include skin-to-skin contact with athletes who have active skin infections, environmental exposures and physical trauma, and sharing of equipment and contact with contaminated fomites. Close contact that is intrinsic to team sports and psychosocial factors associated with adolescence are additional risks. Minimizing risk requires leadership by the organized sports community (including the athlete's primary care provider) and depends on outlining key hygiene behaviors, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of common sports-related infections, and the implementation of preventive interventions.

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Prophylactic Valacyclovir to Prevent Outbreaks of Primary Herpes Gladiatorum at a 28-Day Wrestling Camp

Abstract: Prophylactic use of valacyclovir 1 g once a day is efficacious in lowering the incidence of HSV outbreaks among adolescents at a 28-day wrestling camp.

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Injury and Illness Epidemiology at a Summer Sport-Camp Program, 2008 Through 2011

Injury and Illness Epidemiology at a Summer Sport-Camp Program, 2008 Through 2011

Epidemiology of Skin Infections in Men's Wrestling: Analysis of 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014 National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control

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