Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobial Agents, and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for the Neutropenic Patient

Giguère, Steeve; Abrams‐Ogg, Anthony; Kruth, Stephen A.

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch21

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 74 publications

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“…In people, antimicrobials are mostly used for treatment of clinical infections in individual patients, with some limited prophylactic use in individuals (e.g., post-surgery) or occasionally in groups (e.g., prevention of meningococcal disease). Antimicrobial uses in companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, pet birds, horses) are broadly similar to those in humans, with antimicrobials mostly administered on an individual basis to treat infection, and occasionally for prophylaxis, such as post-surgery [34,35].…”

Section: Use Of Antimicrobials In Humans Animals and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health—Its Importance in Helping to Better Control Antimicrobial Resistance

2019

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Approaching any issue from a One Health perspective necessitates looking at the interactions of people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment. For antimicrobial resistance this includes antimicrobial use (and abuse) in the human, animal and environmental sectors. More importantly, the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants within and between these sectors and globally must be addressed. Better managing this problem includes taking steps to preserve the continued effectiveness of existing antimicrobials such as trying to eliminate their inappropriate use, particularly where they are used in high volumes. Examples are the mass medication of animals with critically important antimicrobials for humans, such as third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long term, in-feed use of antimicrobials, such colistin, tetracyclines and macrolides, for growth promotion. In people it is essential to better prevent infections, reduce over-prescribing and over-use of antimicrobials and stop resistant bacteria from spreading by improving hygiene and infection control, drinking water and sanitation. Pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential and farm waste is expanding the resistome in the environment. Numerous countries and several international agencies have now included a One Health Approach within their action plans to address antimicrobial resistance. Necessary actions include improvements in antimicrobial use, better regulation and policy, as well as improved surveillance, stewardship, infection control, sanitation, animal husbandry, and finding alternatives to antimicrobials.

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Section: Use Of Antimicrobials In Humans Animals and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health—Its Importance in Helping to Better Control Antimicrobial Resistance

2019

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Metagenomic Evidence of the Prevalence and Distribution Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Dairy Agroecosystems

Pitta

Dou

Kumar

et al. 2016

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a global problem with serious implications for public health. AR genes are frequently detected on animal farms, but little is known about their origin and distribution patterns. We hypothesized that AR genes can transfer from animal feces to the environment through manure, and to this end, we characterized and compared the resistomes (collections of AR genes) of animal feces, manure, and soil samples collected from five dairy farms using a metagenomics approach. Resistomes constituted only up to 1% of the total gene content, but were variable by sector and also farm. Broadly, the identified AR genes were associated with 18 antibiotic resistances classes across all samples; however, the most abundant genes were classified under multidrug transporters (44.75%), followed by resistance to vancomycin (12.48%), tetracycline (10.52%), bacitracin (10.43%), beta-lactam resistance (7.12%), and MLS efflux pump (6.86%) antimicrobials. The AR gene profiles were variable between farms. Farm 09 was categorized as a high risk farm, as a greater proportion of AR genes were common to at least three sectors, suggesting possible horizontal transfer of AR genes. Taxonomic characterization of AR genes revealed that a majority of AR genes were associated with the phylum Proteobacteria. Nonetheless, there were several members of Bacteroidetes, particularly Bacteroides genus and several lineages from Firmicutes that carried similar AR genes in different sectors, suggesting a strong potential for horizontal transfer of AR genes between unrelated bacterial hosts in different sectors of the farms. Further studies are required to affirm the horizontal gene transfer mechanisms between microbiomes of different sectors in animal agroecosystems.

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Antimicrobial Resistance: a One Health Perspective

McEwen

Collignon

2018

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria From Livestock and Companion Animals

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Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobial Agents, and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for the Neutropenic Patient

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

One Health—Its Importance in Helping to Better Control Antimicrobial Resistance

One Health—Its Importance in Helping to Better Control Antimicrobial Resistance

Metagenomic Evidence of the Prevalence and Distribution Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Dairy Agroecosystems

Antimicrobial Resistance: a One Health Perspective

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