Prophylactic Anti-Ulcer Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mormodica foetida (Schumach & Thonn) Against Indomethacin-Induced Ulcers in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Peptic-ulcer disease (PUD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by lesions in the stomach or proximal duodenum, often induced by excessive stomach acid, leading to the denuded mucosa that can extend into deeper layers of the digestive tract. 1 The clinical presentation of PUD includes abdominal stress, frequently in the upper abdomen and epigastric region, along with superficial or deep erosions that may perforate the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). 2 Despite medical advancements, PUD remains a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 8 to 10% of the world's population. 2 Annually, four million individuals worldwide are diagnosed with PUD. 3 In Western Uganda, PUD affects 11.4% of the population; however, this prevalence may be underestimated due to a substantial number of patients seeking treatment from traditional healers. 4 The impact of ulcers is profound, significantly impinging on the quality of life for millions, and contributing to morbidity and mortality rates. 5 Notably, ulcers are responsible for 15 out of every 15,000 gastrointestinal-related deaths annually, indicating their severity and importance. 6,7