Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds

Callens, Bénédicte; Persoons, Davy; Maes, Dominiek; Laanen, Maria; Postma, Merel; Boyen, Filip; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Butaye, Patrick; Catry, Boudewijn; Dewulf, Jeroen

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.03.001

Cited by 203 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, the most appropriate antibacterial should be used. However, the decision to treat and choice of antibacterials may be affected by numerous factors other than professional veterinary knowledge (Busani et Antibacterials are usually administered to pigs (in particular weaners) per pen or section via feed or water, implying that healthy animals within the pens are also treated (Merle et al, 2012;Callens et al, 2012). However, oral administration appears to be a crucial factor in the risk of antibacterial resistance development (Burow et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batch treatment is often used for preventive purposes in pigs, but practice and legislation differ amongst the individual European countries (Callens et al, 2012). In Denmark, prophylactic use is illegal, and all antibacterial use is by prescription only, requiring a diagnosis based on veterinary examination of the animal or herd (Anonymous, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

Jensen

Jorsal

Toft

2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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Highlights Antimicrobial use should be evidence based and prudent according to WHO guidelines.  In Danish weaning pigs, tetracyclines were the most frequently used antimicrobials for diahrroea by a substantial margin, irrespective the identified pathogen, including Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, and E.coli (F4 and F18). Tetracyclines are 2. or 3.rd choice antimicrobial according to the national guidelines  Increasing compliance with the national treatment guidelines was observed in 14% of the herds with laboratory finding of B.pilosicoli, suggesting that B.pilosicoli is underdiagnosed based on clinical criteria.  In herds with moderate-massive amounts of Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, or E.coli (F4 and F18), between 10% and 20% of the herds did not use antimicrobial batch treatment.  The antimicrobial use per pig appeared to decrease more in herds with negative laboratory results compared to herds with a moderate-massive occurrence of either of the pathogens, but this finding could be related to register data bias. AbstractAccording to international guidelines, the use of antibacterials should be evidence based and prudent. This register-based, cross-sectional study investigates the potential effect of laboratory findings on the patterns of antibacterial oral (batch) medication of weaner pigs, and the level of compliance with national guidelines for antibacterial use. The study population includes 1,736weaner herds (≈65% of all Danish weaner pigs) that were subject to laboratory analysis from the National Veterinary Institute on Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, and E.coli (F4 and F18) in 2014. Antibacterial prescription data were obtained from the national database, VetStat.These showed that antibacterial prescriptions for use in weaner pigs was 8.6% lower in spring 2015 compared to spring 2014. The antibacterial use per pig tended (p=0.08) to decrease more in herds with negative laboratory results compared to herds with a moderate or massive occurrence of either of the pathogens. Irrespective of the laboratory findings on diarrhoeal pathogens, tetracyclines were the most frequently used antibacterials by a substantial margin, both 3 months prior to and 2-5 months after laboratory analysis. According to the national guidelines, tetracyclines are the second or third-choice antibacterial for treatment of diarrhoeal pathogens, due to resistance and coresistance patterns. Compliance with the guidelines increased in 14% of the herds, mostly following identification of B. pilosicoli within the herd. Between 10% and 20% of the herds did not use batch treatment, despite the presence of moderate-massive amounts of the pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

Jensen

Jorsal

Toft

2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Prophylactic antimicrobial group treatment in fattening pigs aims at preventing bacterial infections in periods of high risks such as after weaning, transport and mixing of animals from different farms (Schwarz et al, 2001;McEwen and Fedorka-Cray, 2002;Callens et al, 2012;Trauffler et al, 2014). The most frequently used antimicrobial agents used prophylactically in Swiss pig fattening farms (Riklin, 2015) are broad-spectrum antimicrobials and are classified as critically important (macrolides) or highly important (tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim) for human medicine by the WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) (Anonymous, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the administration of three different antimicrobial premix formulations via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline in the liquid feed for pigs

Heller

Sidler

Hässig

et al. 2016

SAT

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The oral group treatment is still a common procedure in swine production. This project studied the effect of the application of 3 different formulations of antimicrobial premixes (1. chlortetracycline, 2. chlortetracycline + sulfadimidine + tylosin, 3. sulfadimidine + sulfathiazole + trimethoprim) via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Ent-Tetr) in the liquid feed. 156 and 112 feed samples were collected between April and December 2015 in 13 case and 14 control farms, respectively. The 27 farms were randomly selected pig fattening farms located in different parts of Switzerland. The number of feed samples that contained Ent-Tetr as well as the number of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline per sample was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. The use of any of the 3 antimicrobial combinations turned out to be the main risk factor for the occurrence of Ent-Tetr in the liquid feed. Our results suggest that liquid feed containing antimicrobials is a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in swine production. AbstractThe oral group treatment is still a common procedure in swine production. This project studied the effect of the application of 3 different formulations of antimicrobial premixes (1. chlortetracycline, 2. chlortetracycline + sulfadimidine + tylosin, 3. sulfadimidine + sulfathiazole + trimethoprim) via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Ent-Tetr) in the liquid feed. 156 and 112 feed samples were collected between April and December 2015 in 13 case and 14 control farms, respectively. The 27 farms were randomly selected pig fattening farms located in different parts of Switzerland. The number of feed samples that contained Ent-Tetr as well as the number of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline per sample was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. The use of any of the 3 antimicrobial combinations turned out to be the main risk factor for the occurrence of Ent-Tetr in the liquid feed. Our results suggest that liquid feed containing antimicrobials is a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in swine production.

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“…[33] Questionnaire responses from 50 Belgian pig farmers indicate that 93% of all group treatments are prophylactic whereas only 7% are metaphylactic. [34] Based on the results collected during the that study, it has been estimated that for prophylactic and metaphylactic group treatments in fattening pigs approximately 160 tonnes of antibiotics are used yearly in Belgium. [35] The most important antibiotics used in the Belgian pig industry are colistin, amoxicillin, sulphonamides in combination with trimethoprim, doxycycline, tylosin, tulathromycin and ceftiofur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives

Daeseleire¹,

Graef

Rasschaert³

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) using data from 2011 and 2012. Both in humans and animals, positive associations between the consumption of antibiotics and resistant bacteria are observed. Responsible use of antibiotics in humans and animals should therefore be promoted. In this paper some general aspects of antibiotic resistance such as microbiological versus clinical resistance, intrinsic versus acquired resistance, resistance mechanisms, and transfer of resistance are briefly introduced. In 2012, the Belgian Center of Expertise on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Animals (AMCRA) was founded. Its mission is to collect and analyze all data related to antibiotic use and resistance in animals in Belgium and to communicate these findings in a neutral and objective manner. One of AMCRA's 10 objectives is a 50% reduction in antibiotic consumption in veterinary medicine in Belgium by 2020. The aim of this paper is to report on the achievements of this national project. The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO, Merelbeke-Melle), in collaboration with Ghent University, is currently working on three nationally funded projects on antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry. In the first project, an in vitro model is used to study the influence of low antibiotic concentrations due to carry-over after production and usage of medicated feed on the development of resistance in the pig gut. Part of that project is to develop a quantitative risk assessment model. A second project focuses on tracking excreted antibiotics used in pig rearing and their influence on the development of antibiotic resistance in pig manure and the environment. In the last project, the relation between the use of biocides in animal husbandry and antibiotic resistance development are being studied. Copyright

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Prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use in Belgian fattening pig herds

Cited by 203 publications

References 25 publications

A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

The effect of the administration of three different antimicrobial premix formulations via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline in the liquid feed for pigs

Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives

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