Property-Based Modelling and Validation of a CBTC Zone Controller in Event-B

Comptier, Mathieu; Leuschel, Michaël; Mejia, Luis-Fernando; Perez, Julien Molinero; Mutz, Mareike

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18744-6_13

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Evaluation. The majority of studies are evaluated through Examples (41%) and Experience Reports (38%), while Case Studies are limited (1.5%) [21,41,64,81,96].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formal modeling is applied in 95% of the studies and formal veriication in 67%. Model checking is the most commonly adopted technique (47%) [9,15,20,35,37,38,41,47,64,82,87,91,96,116,117,128], followed by simulation (27%) [9,15,20,36,41,57,64,82,96,116,117,124], theorem proving (19.5%) [14,41,68,72,84] and reinement (18%) [7,37,68,81,82,84,91,96,116]. Less commonly used techniques are those strictly related to code, like test generation (6%) [31,64,124], code generation (6%) [7,14,62,...…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large variety of modeling language families and tools is used. The dominant languages are UML (18%) [21,35,37,38,81,116,128] and B (15%) [1,7,14,41,68,82,91,96,116], while frequently used tools are ProB (9%) [1,41,82,91,96,116], NuSMV (8%) [35,37,38] and UPPAAL (7%) [9,124].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formal Methods in Railways: A Systematic Mapping Study

Ferrari¹,

Beek

2022

ACM Comput. Surv.

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Formal methods are mathematically based techniques for the rigorous development of software-intensive systems. The railway signaling domain is a field in which formal methods have traditionally been applied, with several success stories. This article reports on a mapping study that surveys the landscape of research on applications of formal methods to the development of railway systems. Following the guidelines of systematic reviews, we identify 328 relevant primary studies, and extract information about their demographics, the characteristics of formal methods used and railway-specific aspects. Our main results are as follows: (i) we identify a total of 328 primary studies relevant to our scope published between 1989 and 2020, of which 44% published during the last 5 years and 24% involving industry; (ii) the majority of studies are evaluated through Examples (41%) and Experience Reports (38%), while full-fledged Case Studies are limited (1.5%); (iii) Model checking is the most commonly adopted technique (47%), followed by simulation (27%) and theorem proving (19.5%); (iv) the dominant languages are UML (18%) and B (15%), while frequently used tools are ProB (9%), NuSMV (8%) and UPPAAL (7%); however, a diverse landscape of languages and tools is employed; (v) the majority of systems are interlocking products (40%), followed by models of high-level control logic (27%); (vi) most of the studies focus on the Architecture (66%) and Detailed Design (45%) development phases. Based on these findings, we highlight current research gaps and expected actions. In particular, the need to focus on more empirically sound research methods, such as Case Studies and Controlled Experiments, and to lower the degree of abstraction, by applying formal methods and tools to development phases that are closer to software development. Our study contributes with an empirically based perspective on the future of research and practice in formal methods applications for railways. It can be used by formal methods researchers to better focus their scientific inquiries, and by railway practitioners for an improved understanding of the interplay between formal methods and their specific application domain.

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“…Evaluation. The majority of studies are evaluated through Examples (41%) and Experience Reports (38%), while Case Studies are limited (1.5%) [21,41,64,81,96].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formal Methods in Railways: A Systematic Mapping Study

Ferrari¹,

Beek

2022

ACM Comput. Surv.

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“…The methodology we used was inspired by earlier experience on modeling and validating railway systems (e.g., [4,5]). We divided the modelling into three phases (see Fig.…”

Section: Modelling Methodology and Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Validating an Automotive System in Classical B and Event-B

Leuschel

Mutz

Werth

2020

Rigorous State-Based Methods

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We have modelled parts of the ABZ automotive case study using the B-method. For the early phases of modelling we have used the classical B for software, while for proof we have used Event-B and Rodin. It is maybe surprising that classical B's machine inclusion mechanism along with operation calls can be used for modular system modelling. Moreover, for one particular style of modelling, the result can then be translated to superposition refinement with event extension in Event-B. Before conducting the proof, we have validated our models using model checking and animation with visualizations. The graphical visualizations were constructed using a new plugin (VisB) which helped uncover errors and transforms our model into an executable, interactive reference specification which can be examined by users without formal background.

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“…Thus, it can be necessary to separate proof axioms from animation axioms. In [21] we developed the prob-ignore pragma, to annotate proof axioms not necessary for animation. Animation configuration is kept in separate refinements of the proof models, which allows animators and provers to co-exist peacefully on the same development.…”

Section: Should Formal Specifications Be Executable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating formal specifications into applications: the ProB Java API

Körner

Bendisposto

Dunkelau

et al. 2020

Form Methods Syst Des

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The common formal methods workflow consists of formalising a model followed by applying model checking and proof techniques. Once an appropriate level of certainty is reached, code generators are used in order to gain executable code. In this paper, we propose a different approach: instead of generating code from formal models, it is also possible to embed a model checker or animator into applications in order to use the formal models themselves at runtime. We present a Java API to the ProB animator and model checker. We describe several case studies that use this API as enabling technology to interact with a formal specification at runtime.

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Property-Based Modelling and Validation of a CBTC Zone Controller in Event-B

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Formal Methods in Railways: A Systematic Mapping Study

Formal Methods in Railways: A Systematic Mapping Study

Modelling and Validating an Automotive System in Classical B and Event-B

Integrating formal specifications into applications: the ProB Java API

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