Properties of Untreated and Chemically Treated Cissus Quadrangularis Natural Fibers and Their Composites With Polyester as the Matrix

Abstract

The main aim of this work was to study the effects of chemical treatments on veldt grape fibers (VGFs) and their composites with unsaturated polyester (UP) as the matrix. Alkalis such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] and silane coupling agent (NaOH 1 silane) were used to modify the surface of optimally selected 40mm long fibers. The chemical treatments were carried with different concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% of chemical agents for 1 h. The chemically treated single fibers were subjected to tensile testing. The chemical analysis, crystallinity and functional group identification of both untreated and surface modified VGFs were carried out. The untreated and chemically treated 40 mm fiber length VGFs/UP composites were prepared with a loading of 40 wt% for studying the mechanical properties. The enhanced tensile strength of VGFs was found at the optimized concentration of 10% (NaOH), 15% [Ca(OH) 2 ] and 10% (NaOH 1 silane) for various chemical treatments. The thermal stability of treated VGFs was higher when compared to untreated ones. Among all, the Ca(OH) 2 treated VGF/UP composites possessed better mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis was performed to identify the failure mechanism for the impact fractured samples.

Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of tamarind seed filler reinforced vinyl ester composites

“…From Fig. a, it can be observed that the advancement of micro crack is present at the interface of filler and the matrix region of the composites . Figure b shows numerous irregularly shaped microvoids and poor de‐bondings between the filler and the matrix.…”

“…The three‐point flexural test was performed as per the ASTM D790‐10 standard (Test specimens with 127 mm length, 12.7 mm width, and 3 mm thick) to measure the flexural properties using the digital universal testing machine .…”

Applicability of cellulosic‐based Polyalthia longigolia seed filler reinforced vinyl ester biocomposites on tribological performance

“…Natural fibers are environmentally friendly materials and these have outstanding properties preferable to many man‐made fibers 4 . Natural fiber polymer composites contain polymer as matrix that entrenched through extraordinary property of the natural fibers, such as bagasse, banana ribbon, Indian mallow, kusha grass, red banana peduncle, nendran, vetiver, banana peduncle, jute, flax, oil palm, kenaf, sisal, Cissus quadrangularis , coir fiber/coconut shell powder and roselle fiber 5–16 …”

Effects of pretreatment on the soil aging behavior of rice husk fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites

“…The treated fibers were immersed in ethanol for 1 h to remove excess benzoyl chloride. The ethanol-rinsed fibers were filtered and then dried at 100 °C for 6 h (Mayandi et al 2018).…”

“…In this work, the effect of four treatment methods on fibers reinforced composites was studied, and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were analyzed. The optimum conditions for the four pretreatment methods were determined from earlier experimental work (Manikandan et al 2017;Palola et al 2017;Fei et al 2018;Mayandi et al 2018). The best pretreatment method was determined by comparing the four pretreatment methods.…”