Properties of top soil and the relationship between soil and trees in a boreal Scots pine stand.

Hokkanen, Timo J.; Järvinen, Erkki; Kuuluvainen, Timo

doi:10.14214/sf.a9207

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We found spatial autocorrelation in the carbon stock of the organic layer, that has already been demonstrated in many other studies for a range of soil properties (Järvinen et al, 1993;Hokkanen et al, 1995;Liski, 1995;Bruckner et al, 1999;Möttönen et al, 1999;Muukkonen et al, 2009). Therefore, the spatial structure of the data was considered in the analysis of the soil data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Soil carbon stock increases in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged stands

Häkkinen¹,

Heikkinen²,

Mäkipää³

2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Changes in the soil carbon stock can potentially have a large influence on global carbon balance between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. Since carbon sequestration of forest soils is influenced by human activities, reporting of the soil carbon pool is a compulsory part of the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. Various soil carbon models are applied in GHG inventories, however, the verification of model-based estimates is lacking. In general, the soil carbon models predict accumulation of soil carbon in the middle-aged stands, which is in good agreement with chronosequence studies and flux measurements of eddy sites, but they have not been widely tested with repeated measurements of permanent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil carbon changes in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged forest stands. Soil carbon changes on remeasured sites were analyzed by using soil survey data that was based on composite samples as a first measurement and by taking into account spatial variation on the basis of the second measurement. By utilizing earlier soil surveys, a long sampling interval, which helps detection of slow changes, could be readily available.The range of measured change in the soil organic layer varied from −260 to 1260 g m −2 over the study period of 16-19 years and 23 ± 2 g m −2 per year, on average. The increase was significant in 6 out of the 38 plots from which data were available. Although the soil carbon change was difficult to detect at the plot scale, the overall increase measured across the middle-aged stands agrees with predictions of the commonly applied soil models. Further verification of the soil models is needed with larger datasets that cover wider geographical area and represent all age classes, especially young stands with potentially large soil carbon source.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Soil carbon stock increases in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged stands

Häkkinen¹,

Heikkinen²,

Mäkipää³

2011

Biogeosciences

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“…This is consistent with two studies in Pinus sylvestris stands. In one, there was no clear spatial dependence over intervals of 5-50 m (Hokkanen et al 1995), and in the other, spatial dependence occurred mainly at distances less than 5 meters (Liski 1995). We conclude that spatial autocorrelation was not a concern with the 5 m sampling intervals used in this study.…”

Section: Spatial Autocorrelationmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…From our observations, however, forest floor variability is small over a scale of centimetres compared with a scale of meters. In support of this, organic layer accumulation is greater under canopies or close to tree stems (Hokkanen et al 1995, Liski 1995 which in most stands provides a patterning on the scale of meters. Consequently, we doubt that a larger cross-sectional area would have a significant impact on sampling variability.…”

Section: Data Inmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is also important as a carbon pool, accounting for 28 % of soil carbon storage in non-peatland forests of Finland (Liski and Westman 1997) and up to one half of soil carbon in upland stands in western Canada (Huang and Schoenau 1996). Yet it is difficult to characterise because spatial variability is high (Hokkanen et al 1995, Liski 1995. Consequently, a high number of samples is needed to achieve reasonably precise estimates for variables such as carbon density or bulk density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new forest floor corer for rapid sampling, minimal disturbance and adequate precision

Nalder¹,

Wein²

1998

Silva Fenn.

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We describe an effective and inexpensive device for sampling forest floors. It is based on a rechargeable, battery-powered drill that drives a sharpened steel coring tube. The corer is simple to fabricate, is lightweight (3.5 kg) and can be used easily by one person to obtain intact, natural volume cores of the forest floor. It has been used extensively to obtain samples in 114 boreal forest stands of western Canada. We found that coefficients of variation were typically 30 % for forest floor organic matter and bulk density, and tended to be higher in Pinus banksiana stands than in Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides. Ten samples per stand gave adequate precision for a study of forest floor dynamics and autocorrelation did not appear to be a problem with five-metre sampling intervals. In addition to sampling forest floors, the corer has proven suitable for sampling moss and lichen layers and mineral soil down to about 20 cm. A similar powered system can also be used for increment boring of trees.

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“…Hokkanen et al (1995) tested the relationship between the tree influence potential and soil properties and found that areas with low influence potential of trees had a smaller amount of total carbon, though the result was not significant in the organic layer. Studies on tree influence have commonly been based on one study site (Hokkanen et al 1995;Liski 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree influence on carbon stock and C:N ratio of soil organic layer in boreal Scots pine forests

Häkkinen¹,

Heikkinen

Mäkipää

2010

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Ha¨kkinen, M., Heikkinen, J. and Ma¨kipa¨a¨, R. 2010. Tree influence on carbon stock and C:N ratio of the soil organic layer in boreal Scots pine forests. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 559Á566. Observed small-scale spatial variation of forest soil is suggested to be produced by tree influence. We examined spatial variation of the tree influences by modelling tree influence potential that accounts for location and size of trees. Thereafter, we tested significance of the correlations between the tree influence potential and soil properties (carbon stock and C:N ratio of the organic layer) with Monte Carlo permutation tests. The methods were applied to five Scots pine stands located in the boreal vegetation zone in Finland. We found statistically significant tree influence on soil C:N ratio in all studied stands, but the tree influence on soil carbon stock was significant only in three of five stands. This indicates that location of trees has a relatively steady and remarkable influence on spatial variation of a soil parameter that reflects soil fertility and nutrient balance, but variation of soil carbon stock is not that clearly affected by current tree stand. The correlations between C:N ratios and tree influences were positive in four of the five stands, indicating that soil was less fertile near the trees. The methods described here produce statistically reliable information pertaining to the influence of trees on soil properties.Key words: Boreal forest, soil organic C and C:N, spatial pattern, spatial variations, tree influence Ha¨kkinen, M., Heikkinen, J. et Ma¨kipa¨a¨, R. 2010. Influence des arbres sur les re´serves de carbone et rapport C/N dans le sol organique des foreˆts bore´ales de pin sylvestre. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 559Á566. Les variations spatiales du sol forestier observe´es a`petite e´chelle re´sultent, croit-on, de l'influence des arbres. Les auteurs ont examine´les variations spatiales attribuables al 'influence collective des arbres en mode´lisant le potentiel d'influence des arbres selon l'emplacement et la taille de ces derniers. Ensuite, ils ont ve´rifie´la signification statistique des corre´lations entre le potentiel d'influence des arbres et les proprie´te´s du sol (re´serves de carbone et rapport C/N de la couche organique) graˆce aux tests de permutation de Monte Carlo. Ces me´thodes ont e´te´applique´es a`cinq peuplements de pin sylvestre dans la zone de ve´ge´tation bore´ale en Finlande. Les arbres exercent une influence statistiquement significative sur le rapport C/N du sol dans tous les peuplements examine´s, mais leur influence sur les re´serves de carbone n'e´tait significative que dans trois peuplements sur cinq. Les auteurs en de´duisent que l'emplacement des arbres a une incidence relativement stable et remarquable sur la variation spatiale d'un parame`tre du sol qui refle`te la fertilite´de ce dernier ainsi que sur le bilan des e´le´ments nutritifs, mais que l'effet du peuplement d'arbres existant sur la fluctuation des stocks de carbone dans le sol n'est pas aussi tranche´. Le rap...

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Properties of top soil and the relationship between soil and trees in a boreal Scots pine stand.

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Soil carbon stock increases in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged stands

Soil carbon stock increases in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged stands

A new forest floor corer for rapid sampling, minimal disturbance and adequate precision

Tree influence on carbon stock and C:N ratio of soil organic layer in boreal Scots pine forests

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