Properties of the Nucleic Acid of the Ryan Strain of Filamentous Influenza Virus

Ada, G. L.; Perry, Beverley T.

doi:10.1099/00221287-19-1-40

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The demonstration of virus rods in cells infected with VS virus bears some similarity to observations made in studies of influenza virus. Besides spherical influenza virus particles, filamentous forms of this virus are often detected in preparations of recently isolated strains (12)(13)(14)(15), and evidence was reported that these filaments are infective (14)(15)(16). However, the filaments seem to be formed by extrusion from the virus-infected cell (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Figures ~ Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Development of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Kb Cells

Mussgay

Weibel

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The development of vcsicular stomatitis virus in KB cells was studied by electron microscopy. Sections of infected cells were made l, 4, 7, 10, and 20 hours after inoculation of the cell cultures, and at the same intervals the supcrnatant fluid was assayed for virus titcr by the plaque test in chick embryo cells. At 10, 14, and 20 hours after inoculation, virus rods were observed attached to cytoplasmic membranes, inside cytoplasmic vacuoles, and attached to the membranes delimiting these vacuoles; they were also found on the surface membrane of the cclls. Besides the rods, spherical particles of different sizes and shapes were seen. The possibility that these structures arc related to the development of virus rods is discussed. A similarity was noted between the site of maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus rods and that of some other arbor viruses.Vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus particles are rodshaped. Their dimensions have been reported to be 210 )< 60 (1) or 175 )< 69 mg (2). Furthermore, Bradish et al. (2) found non-infectious spherical particles, 65 mg in diameter, possessing a virusspecific complement-fixing activity. By negative staining with phosphotungstic acid, it was shown (3, 4) that each rod had a round and a square end, and there was evidence of an internal component, probably helical (4). In many virus particles, a central channel of variable depth was seen (4), and in some rods an "inclusion" was visible (3). On the basis of x-ray inactivation studies of extracellular virus particles, a radiation-sensitive sphere with a diameter between 36 and 47 m# was assumed (5).Rods and 52-m# spherical particles were observed in ultrathin sections of the mouth mucosa taken from calves infected with VS virus (6). Both components were seen only in the intercellular space. In chorioallantoic membranes of eggs infected with VS virus, cells of the chorionic and allantoic layers bordering the mesoderm revealed granular areas on their surface. Only in these areas, which were separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane, were virus rods and 52-m~t particles visible (3). From studies of VS virus-infected L cells (4), it was concluded that the virus particles were assembled at the cell membrane.In studies on the growth of VS virus in chick embryo cells and monkey kidney cells, Franklin (5) demonstrated that virus was released by a continuous process; the eclipse phase was between 1 and 2 hours and the release time approximately 2 to 3 minutes.Our main interest was to study the development of VS virus in KB cells and to check whether at an early stage mature rods can be found inside the cells or only at or near the surface membrane.

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Section: Figures ~ Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Development of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Kb Cells

Mussgay

Weibel

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Considerable evidence has now been obtained to show that the filament forms by extrusion from the virus-infected cell (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and there are indications that the filament may contain host cell as well as viral constituents (14,15). Evidence has been reported that filaments are infective (15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of Two Kinds of Virus Particles Which Comprise Influenza A2 Virus Strains

Choppin

Murphy

Tamm

1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Seven strains of influenza A2 virus were serially passed in the chick embryo, and morphological characteristics of the passages were examined in the electron microscope. With serial passage there was a change from a prominently filamentous appearance in early passages to an almost entirely spherical appearance in later passages. The number of passages required for the conversion to spherical morphology varied with different strains. The filament-sphere variation was found to be independent of the properties which differentiate "+" and "-" influenza A2 virus particles, and both highly filamentous and spherical populations of "+" and of "-" virus particles were obtained. The usefulness of these pairs of independent markers for genetic studies is discussed.

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“…Primary human isolates of influenza virus are predominantly filamentous, suggesting that the filamentous phenotype may play a role in disease progression (3,4,8). The filamentous phenotype of influenza A viruses is not often used for research purposes, since it is readily lost during serial passage of the virus in egg or tissue culture (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Influenza A virus is a highly pleomorphic virus that produces both spherical and filamentous virions (3,4,8). Primary human isolates of influenza virus are predominantly filamentous, suggesting that the filamentous phenotype may play a role in disease progression (3,4,8).…”

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Filamentous Influenza A Virus Infection Predisposes Mice to Fatal Septicemia following Superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3

et al. 2007

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Previous studies have demonstrated that animals exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae while recovering from influenza A virus infection exhibit exacerbated disease symptoms. However, many of the current animal models exploring dual viral and bacterial synergistic exacerbations of respiratory disease have utilized mouse-adapted influenza virus and strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that in themselves are highly lethal to mice. Here we describe a mouse model of bacterial superinfection in which a mild, self-limiting influenza virus infection is followed by mild, self-limiting superinfection with S. pneumoniae serotype 3. S. pneumoniae superinfection results in rapid dissemination of the bacterium from the respiratory tract and systemic spread to all major organs of the mice, resulting in fatal septicemia. This phenomenon in mice was observed in superinfected animals undergoing an active viral infection as well as in mice that had completely cleared the virus 7 to 8 days prior to superinfection. Neutrophils were the predominant cellular inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs of superinfected mice compared to singly infected animals. Among other cytokines and chemokines, the neutrophil activator granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was found to be significantly overexpressed in the spleens, lungs, and brains of superinfected animals. High G-CSF protein levels were observed in sera and lung lavage fluid from superinfected animals, suggesting that G-CSF is a major contributor to synergistic exacerbation of disease leading to fatal septicemia.

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Properties of the Nucleic Acid of the Ryan Strain of Filamentous Influenza Virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Development of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Kb Cells

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Development of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Kb Cells

Studies of Two Kinds of Virus Particles Which Comprise Influenza A2 Virus Strains

Filamentous Influenza A Virus Infection Predisposes Mice to Fatal Septicemia following Superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3

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