“…3) Although platinum (Pt) was mainly used in the case of existing catalyst materials, application studies of diversified materials with economy and thermal stability to substitute for the expensive Pt have been reported. 4,5) For the electrolyte which plays a role of oxidation-reduc-tion the electrons moved through the CE, there are iodide mixture, iodine dissolved in a nonprotonic solvent, LiI, 6) NaI, 7) acetonitrile, and propionitrile, 8) etc. Also, the WE consists of TCO substrate and semiconductor oxide of TiO 2 , and dye coated on the TiO 2 particles, where the TCO substrate includes indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), etc., and the FTO is used most frequently among them because of its excellent thermal stability, relatively low surface resistance and a high transmissivity exceeding 80%.…”