Properties of the Cell Surfaces of Pathogenic Bacteria

Doyle, Ronald J.; Sonnenfeld, E M

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60872-4

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…LTA is an amphiphilic molecule consisting of a polyglycerolphosphate with a complex glycolipid group attached (54,55). It is anchored by hydrophobic forces to the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria, including most streptococcal strains (56).…”

Section: Lipoteichoic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Caries Bacteria, Host Responses, and Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis

Hahn

Liewehr

2007

Journal of Endodontics

140

105

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Section: Lipoteichoic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Caries Bacteria, Host Responses, and Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis

Hahn

Liewehr

2007

Journal of Endodontics

140

105

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“…Estudos têm demonstrado que a hidrofobicidade da superfície bacteriana pode desempenhar um papel muito importante nos fenômenos de adesão celular (21,23,25,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) , embora haja muita discrepância nos resultados relatados na literatura. De acordo com outro trabalho, na fase exponencial de crescimento as bactérias tendem a se tornar mais hidrofóbicas e formar grumos, aderindo umas às outras ou a superfícies presentes no meio de cultura (34) .…”

Section: Figura 2 -Imagens De Bactérias Aderidas àS Lentes Intra-oculunclassified

Aderência bacteriana in vitro a lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone

Locatelli

Englert

Kwitko

et al. 2004

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Objetivos: Verificar a aderência bacteriana a lentes intra-oculares de silicone e de polimetilmetacrilato como possível fator de risco no desenvolvimento de endoftalmite pós-operatória, utilizando-se um modelo in vitro com três microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos. Métodos: As análises foram realizadas com cepas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis (amostra clínica) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 incluindo a determinação de curvas de crescimento, testes para verificação de produção de cápsula, avaliação da hidrofobicidade, testes de aderência a diferentes materiais, microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia de força atômica. Resultados: A produção de cápsula e a aderência das três diferentes cepas não mostraram qualquer relação com a quantidade de microrganismos; em relação às lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na aderência de S. aureus e S. epidermidis; P. aeruginosa foi o microrganismo mais aderente a ambos os materiais. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmou estes achados em relação à aderência, ao peso que a microscopia de força atômica evidenciou a produção de biofilme pelas cepas de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e P. aeruginosa. Conclusões: Constatou-se, in vitro, que os materiais analisados não diferiram com relação à taxa de aderência bacteriana, porém, P. aeruginosa apresentou maior eficiência de adesão entre as bactérias testadas. Todas as cepas produziram biofilme. Silicone foi o material mais hidrofóbico, quando comparado ao polimetilmetacrilato. INTRODUÇÃOCirurgia de catarata para implante de lentes intra-oculares (LIO) pode levar à endoftalmite pós-operatória e, ainda que raramente, à perda total da visão no olho acometido em até 50% dos casos (1)(2)(3) . A microbiota endógena conjuntival é a primeira suspeita quando se está pesquisando a causa de infecções oculares pós-traumáticas e pós-operatórias (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . Diferentes tipos de bactérias podem causar endoftalmite sendo estafilococos coagulase-negativos, mais especificamente S. epidermidis, os agentes mais comumente isolados (6,(10)(11)(12)(13) . Sabe-se que S. epidermidis tem habilidade de se aderir e proliferar em superfícies de polímeros, especialmente lentes intra-oculares, secretando uma matriz extracelular viscosa (biofilme) que o protege contra antibióticos, bem como dos mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro (10,(14)(15)(16) . A adesão bacteriana a lentes intra-oculares e a produção de biofilme parecem

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“…Also, hemolytic streptococci cultivated in the presence of sub‐inhibitory concentrations of penicillin lost their membrane‐associated phospholipids to a large extent following treatment with small concentrations of LL and lysozyme (51). The main reason for the relative resistance to lysozyme of S. aureus (a common resident of the normal flora) and perhaps also of the majority of pathogenic microorganisms, is ascribed to the presence in their peptidoglycans of O‐acetyl groups which hinder the interation of lysozyme with the N‐acetylglucosamine‐N‐acetyl muramic acid (NAG‐NAM) linkages in the PPG (52–55). However, deacetylation by mild alkaline solutions rendered such cell walls digestible by egg‐white lysozyme.…”

Section: B What Triggers Bacteriolysis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

Ginsburg

2002

APMIS

114

102

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The literature dealing with the biochemical basis of bacteriolysis and its role in inflammation, infection and in post-infectious sequelae is reviewed and discussed. Bacteriolysis is an event that may occur when normal microbial multiplication is altered due to an uncontrolled activation of a series of autolytic cell-wall breaking enzymes (muramidases). While a low-level bacteriolysis sometimes occurs physiologically, due to "mistakes" in cell separation, a pronounced cell wall breakdown may occur following bacteriolysis induced either by beta-lactam antibiotics or by a large variety of bacteriolysis-inducing cationic peptides. These include spermine, spermidine, bactericidal peptides defensins, bacterial permeability increasing peptides from neutrophils, cationic proteins from eosinophils, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, the highly cationic proteinases elastase and cathepsins, PLA2, and certain synthetic polyamino acids. The cationic agents probably function by deregulating lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Gram-positive bacteria and phospholipids in Gram-negative bacteria, the presumed regulators of the autolytic enzyme systems (muramidases). When bacteriolysis occurs in vivo, cell-wall- and -membrane-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS (endotoxin)), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PPG), are released. These highly phlogistic agents can act on macrophages, either individually or in synergy, to induce the generation and release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytotoxic cytokines, hydrolases, proteinases, and also to activate the coagulation and complement cascades. All these agents and processes are involved in the pathophysiology of septic shock and multiple organ failure resulting from severe microbial infections. Bacteriolysis induced in in vitro models, either by polycations or by beta-lactams, could be effectively inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides, by D-amino acids as well as by certain anti-bacteriolytic antibiotics. However, within phagocytic cells in inflammatory sites, bacteriolysis tends to be strongly inhibited presumably due to the inactivation by oxidants and proteinases of the bacterial muramidases. This might results in a long persistence of non-biodegradable cell-wall components causing granulomatous inflammation. However, persistence of microbial cell walls in vivo may also boost innate immunity against infections and against tumor-cell proliferation. Therapeutic strategies to cope with the deleterious effects of bacteriolysis in vivo include combinations of autolysin inhibitors with combinations of certain anti-inflammatory agents. These might inhibit the synergistic tissue- and- organ-damaging "cross talks" which lead to septic shock and to additional post-infectious sequelae.

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Properties of the Cell Surfaces of Pathogenic Bacteria

Cited by 22 publications

References 213 publications

Relationships between Caries Bacteria, Host Responses, and Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis

Relationships between Caries Bacteria, Host Responses, and Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Pulpitis

Aderência bacteriana in vitro a lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone

The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

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