Properties of soluble elastin peptide from bulbus arteriosus in fish species

Abstract

KEY WORDS: amino acid, bulbus arteriosus, collagen, desmosine, elastin, isodesmosine, skin.Collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin are contained in the extracellular matrix. They function in metabolism, multiplication, differentiation, and maintenance of cells in vivo . 1 Elastin is a protein found in the lung, skin, ligaments, and arteries. It has been shown to be important as a construction material for the cell, like collagen, and is used in diverse fields including cosmetics, food, and medicine. Elastin for commercial use has been produced from bovine ligaments; however, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has led to concern regarding the use of elastin of bovine origin. However, elastin from fish raw materials is expected to maintain social acceptability since fishes from natural sources are free from BSE.We attempted to manufacture elastin peptides from aquatic resources such as fish bulbus arteriosus and skin, which were excised easily from fish; however, they have been rarely used industrially and are discarded. The properties of these peptides were evaluated by the fluorescence intensity and the amino acid composition.Raw materials were selected from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (2.0 kg body weight), skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis (2.2 kg), bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (1.8 kg), salmon Salmo salar (2.0 kg), and walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (0.7 kg). These species have constantly supported major fisheries in Japan.First, tissue section of the bulbus arteriosus and skin from these fishes was performed by routine histological methods to confirm the elastin distribution in the organ. They were fixed in 10% formaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate at pH 7.0, then materials were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained by Elastica Van Gieson (EVG) stain. 2 Tissues from the bulbus arteriosus and skin, and also dark, heart, and ordinary muscle, intestine, kidney, liver, ovary, pyloric cecum, spleen, and stomach from fresh fish were analyzed for amino acid desmosine (Des) and isodesmosine (Ide) contents. The tissues were washed with 1% NaCl and cut into small pieces. The pieces were lyophilized, then tissue samples were hydrolyzed in 6 M HCl under nitrogen at 110 ° C for 20 h in sealed glass tubes. The hydrolyzates were dried and diluted in 0.02 M HCl. Amino acid analysis was carried out on a JLC-500/V instrument (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) with the buffer system modified for separation of free amino acids.Second, soluble elastin peptide was prepared at the commercial production scale from bulbus arteriosus and skin by the following methods. Bulbus arteriosus (3.0 g) were dissected from fresh yellowtail (4.5 kg average body weight), which was obtained in Kumamoto. They were washed and kept frozen at − 20 ° C until use. Thawed bulbus arteriosus (100 kg) was defatted in 0.01 M NaOH at 4 ° C, and washed with distilled water. To remove the collagen, the materials were boiled at 95 ° C for 5 min and ground mechanically. The fragments were hydrolyzed at 50 ° C for 8 h at pH 8.5 by two kinds of commercial protea...

Elastin hydrolysate derived from fish enhances proliferation of human skin fibroblasts and elastin synthesis in human skin fibroblasts and improves the skin conditions

“…The bulbus arteriosus is an organ peculiar to fishes with large number of elastic fibres, and a sponge‐like structure that is related to the blood flow velocity. The amino acid composition of elastin hydrolysate (Table ) was in fair agreement with previous reports for fish elastin . This elastin hydrolysate can be commercially obtained as Katsuwo Elastin (Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan).…”

“…The amino acid composition of elastin hydrolysate ( Table 1) was in fair agreement with previous reports for fish elastin. 25,26 This elastin hydrolysate can be commercially obtained as Katsuwo Elastin (Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan).…”

Preparation of Photocrosslinked Fish Elastin Polypeptide/Microfibrillated Cellulose Composite Gels with Elastic Properties for Biomaterial Applications

“…A fish elastin peptide (ElaPep) we used in the present study was extracted from the bulbus arteriosus of skipjacks by protease hydrolysis [ 14 ], and its molecular weight was very low ( M n ~500 g/mol measured by GPC (see Figure S1 )). Because elastin is mainly composed of amino acids without a reactive side chain such as Gly, Ala, Pro, and Val, fabrication of self-standing materials from an elastin peptide with a very low molecular weight is not easy.…”

“…In vitro synthesis of polypeptides with a sequence derived from elastin and recombinant tropoelastin is also technical and not suitable for mass production due to its cost. On the other hand, fish elastin peptide with a very low molecular weight ( M n ~500 g/mol) is reported to be isolated by an easy procedure [ 14 ], and commercially available at a low cost. Shiratsuchi et al showed that soluble elastin peptide enhanced the proliferation and migration of fibroblast [ 15 ].…”

Elastin peptides prepared from piscine and mammalian elastic tissues inhibit collagen‐induced platelet aggregation and stimulate migration and proliferation of human skin fibroblasts

“…Bonito bulbus arteriosus, which was cut into pieces of about 0.5 cm 3 , was defatted by the method of Nakaba et al 16. Defatted tissues were minced to a fine powder and gently stirred with 10 volume (10 ml/g) 1 M NaCl at 4 °C for 24 h. After extraction, the pellet was recovered by centrifugation at 7000 g for 20 min at 4 °C.…”