Properties of silica-filled rubber compounds vs. epoxidized oil content and degree of epoxidation

Sarma, Arpan Datta; Federico, Carlos Eloy; Staropoli, Mariapaola; Nzulu, Frida; Weydert, Marc; Verge, Pierre; Schmidt, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113600

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The change in cure kinetics can be attributed to the presence of grafted amines, generated hydroxyls, and remaining epoxies in the structure of DEA 1 -ESO. A similar decrease in scorch time was observed in our previous study [12] thanks to the presence of epoxy groups. However, the changes observed here are much more significant thanks to the presence of amine groups.…”

Section: Effects Of Dea 1 -Eso On Cure Rate and Cure State Of Silica-filled Rubber Compoundssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The relevant values are presented in Figure 2 as a function of the volume percentage of DEA 1 -ESO in the formulation, while the total mixing energies including the cumulative mixing energies for all the stages are shown in the Supplementary Materials (Figure S8). A gradual decrease in mixing energy is observed in Figure 2 as the DEA 1 -ESO content in the formulation increases, in line with our previous efforts involving epoxidized soybean oil [12]. Enhanced mixing efficiency, associated with reduced mixing energy, may be ascribed to the increased polarity of aminated epoxidized soybean oils.…”

Section: Effect Of Dea 1 -Eso On the Processability Of Silica-filled Rubber Systemsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Amines are known for their catalytic action during the vulcanization reaction [16,33] and hence can affect both the rate and state of cure. In addition to the remaining epoxy groups [12], the hydroxyls generated via the epoxy-amine reaction can also interact with the silica, providing another means of reducing the adsorption of curatives on the silica surface [34,35]. Hence, the reduction in scorch time can be explained by the combined effect of all the polar groups present in the structure of DEA 1 -ESO.…”

Section: Effects Of Dea 1 -Eso On Cure Rate and Cure State Of Silica-filled Rubber Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These benefits can be further enhanced via suitable chemical modifications [7]. The epoxidation of the unsaturations found in vegetable oils is one of the most well-studied approaches both in academia [10][11][12] and industry [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amines are known to be excellent cure accelerators in the context of sulfur-cured rubbers, and can additionally provide increased crosslink densities and enhanced mechanical properties [16]. The amination of epoxidized vegetable oils may be a good approach in this context to combine the processing capability of epoxidized vegetable oils [12] with the accelerating effect of amines. As long as triglycerides such as soybean oil are concerned, the risk of amidation of the ester bonds requires specific attention; the focus of this effort has therefore been on synthetic approaches that avoid amidation as much as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multipurpose Processing Additives for Silica/Rubber Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

et al. 2021

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Processing additives are a special group of chemicals included in rubber formulations to facilitate the flowability of the resultant compounds. Their addition generally affects the cured properties of the subsequent rubber composites, and fine-tuning of the compound formulation is therefore required. In this work, an attempt has been made to address this issue through the preparation of new bio-based processing additives capable of promoting the mixing of the rubber compound while at the same time enhancing mechanical properties following curing. A significant decrease in the mixing energy at the first stage of mixing (~10%) has been observed by substituting only a small percentage of the conventional petroleum-derived process oil with aminated epoxidized soybean oil. Concomitantly, it is found that this aminated epoxidized soybean oil promotes rubber curing and increases the tensile strength of the final composite by ~20% compared to the control.

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Section: Effects Of Dea 1 -Eso On Cure Rate and Cure State Of Silica-filled Rubber Compoundssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Effect Of Dea 1 -Eso On the Processability Of Silica-filled Rubber Systemsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Dea 1 -Eso On Cure Rate and Cure State Of Silica-filled Rubber Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multipurpose Processing Additives for Silica/Rubber Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

et al. 2021

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Preparation and performance of natural rubber latex treatment for silica filled natural rubber composites

Wang

Luo

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber latex filled with silica can be used to prepare low-cost green tires with low rolling resistance. However, low mixing efficiency and reduction of properties have become the major difficulty in the industry, because there are many polar groups on the surface of silica, and it is difficult to produce a strong interaction with a nonpolar rubber. In this paper, natural rubber latex masterbatch with silica was prepared, and easily mixed with natural rubber (NR) to obtain NR/silica composites. The silica after NRL treated in the rubber matrix characterized with well dispersion, good compatibility with rubber, and composites had weaker Payne effect and higher wet-skid resistance. Meanwhile, the 100% and 300% tensile modulus increased by 8.5% and 14.47%, respectively, notably decreasing heat build-up by 41.88%, compared to the composite prepared by dry mixing technology. Overall, both the dispersion and interfacial adhesion of silica in the rubber matrix have a significant synergistic effect on the properties of rubber composites. The strategy of preparing NR/silica composites provides new research avenues for the preparation of green tires and other rubber industries in the future.

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Influence of coconut shell powder on physico‐mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polyvinyl chloride recovered from waste rigid pipes

Sahoo

Priyadarshee

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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This research work focuses experimentally study on the utilization of coconut shell powder (CSP) as a strengthening filler in recycled polyvinyl chloride (r-PVC) retrieve from waste PVC pipes to high mechanical strength composites.Herewith, to improve the interaction within the organic based natural filler and un-plasticized r-PVC, the epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a processing aid. The melt mixing of r-PVC using CSP as well as ESO was carried out by a two-roll milling process and further sheets manufacturing process followed by compression molding. The effect of CSP filler content on the physico-mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of r-PVC/ CPS composites was investigated. The result shows that the incorporation of CSP filler within polymer indicated, the change in physical with enhancement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, impact strength, and surface hardness properties. Meanwhile, the density and water absorption of composites has been increased as the filler content in the r-PVC matrix increases. The morphology study of composites indicates poor interfacial interaction as an increase in CSP content in the composites. The marginal improvement in thermal stability of prepared composite also increased with 20 wt% of CSP content and analyzed by performing differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis. This study, therefore, shows the potential of CSP filler in r-PVC as an alternative particulate material for the development of a new polymer matrix composite.

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Properties of silica-filled rubber compounds vs. epoxidized oil content and degree of epoxidation

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Multipurpose Processing Additives for Silica/Rubber Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

Multipurpose Processing Additives for Silica/Rubber Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

Preparation and performance of natural rubber latex treatment for silica filled natural rubber composites

Influence of coconut shell powder on physico‐mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polyvinyl chloride recovered from waste rigid pipes

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