Properties of Rubber Materials Containing Recycled Microbially Devulcanized Cryo-Ground Tire Rubber

Bredberg, Katarina; Christiansson, Magdalena; Bellander, Martin; Stenberg, Bengt; Holst, Olle

doi:10.1177/147776060101700301

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The three-dimensional rubber network can be broken down by microwaves and ultrasonic waves. In terms of environmental conservation, biological processes (microbial metabolism) are useful for devulcanization [24,25] Some microbes exhibit biological activity toward sulfur and break the sulfur crosslinks in rubber by oxidizing sulfur to sulfate and hence waste rubber products are devulcanized by various Thiobacillus species. However, this method is slow, time consuming, and has low conversion efficiency.…”

Section: • Irradiation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization and Recycling of Waste Automotive Epdm Rubber Powder by Using Shearing Action and Chemical Additive

Movahed

Ansarifar

Karbalaee

et al. 2015

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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In automotive applications, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) is used to manufacture various components and therefore recycling scrap rubber is a major issue. The primary aim of this study was to develop a new method for devulcanizing waste automotive EPDM rubber powder by using shearing action and chemical additive and recycle the devulcanized powder. A semi-industrial twin screw extruder with a shearing action and reactor along with 2mercaptobenzothiazole-disulfide (MBTS) chemical were used to devulcanize the waste powder at two different feed screw speeds and main rotor speeds at a constant temperature of 220 o C. To recycle the devulcanized powder, different amounts of the devulcanized powder were mixed with a commercial EPDM-based automotive rubber strips compound to produce blends. The blends, commercial compound and devulcanized powder were cured with a semi-efficient (SEV) vulcanization system and their viscosity, cure and mechanical properties measured. For the blends, the Mooney viscosity was unchanged with 40 wt%, crosslink density with 20 wt%, tensile strength and elongation at break with 10 wt%, and compression set with 20 wt% of the devulcanized powder. Interestingly, the hardness benefitted from 50 wt% of the devulcanized powder in the blends. The scorch and optimum cure times shortened and the cure rate index rose when the loading of the devulcanized powder in the blends was raised. This new method offered a major new route for devulcanizing and recycling the waste powder.

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Section: • Irradiation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization and Recycling of Waste Automotive Epdm Rubber Powder by Using Shearing Action and Chemical Additive

Movahed

Ansarifar

Karbalaee

et al. 2015

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In terms of environmental conservation, biological processes (microbial metabolism) are useful for devulcanization [27,28]. Some microbes exhibit biological activity toward sulfur and break the sulfur crosslinks in rubber by oxidizing sulfur to sulfate, waste rubber products are also devulcanized by various Thiobacillus species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel industrial technique for recycling ethylene-propylene-diene waste rubber

Mohaved

Ansarifar

Nezhad

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…In terms of environmental conservation, biological processes (microbial metabolism) are useful for devulcanization. 24,25 Some microbes exhibit biological activity toward sulfur and break down the sulfur cross-links in rubber by oxidizing sulfur to sulfate. For example, waste rubber products are devulcanized by various Thiobacillus species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization of ethylene–propylene–diene waste rubber by microwaves and chemical agents

Movahed

Ansarifar

Zohuri

et al. 2014

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Extensive use of rubber in industrial articles and their eventual disposal at the end of their useful service life has created a major concern for the environment. In automotive applications, ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) is used to manufacture various parts which will be difficult to dispose of or scrap. A microwave oven was used as a heating source, and with the aid of some chemical agents and aromatic and aliphatic oils, cured EPDM waste powder was devulcanized at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 260°C. The devulcanized waste powder was then revulcanized with a sulfur cure system and its cure and mechanical properties were measured. It emerged that with the aid of the chemical agents, the waste powder devulcanized more efficiently in the aromatic oil than it did in the aliphatic one. The chemical agents had different effects on the devulcanization of the waste powder and mechanical properties of the revulcanized compound. In addition, devulcanization was more efficient at higher temperatures. The hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the revulcanized compounds were in the range of 49–79 Shore A, 2.0–3.7 MPa, and 34–211%, respectively. These properties were influenced mainly by the composition and devulcanization conditions of the waste powder. There is scope to recycle and reuse some of these compounds in automotive applications.

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Properties of Rubber Materials Containing Recycled Microbially Devulcanized Cryo-Ground Tire Rubber

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Devulcanization and Recycling of Waste Automotive Epdm Rubber Powder by Using Shearing Action and Chemical Additive

Devulcanization and Recycling of Waste Automotive Epdm Rubber Powder by Using Shearing Action and Chemical Additive

A novel industrial technique for recycling ethylene-propylene-diene waste rubber

Devulcanization of ethylene–propylene–diene waste rubber by microwaves and chemical agents

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