Properties of potential eco-friendly gas replacements for particle detectors in high-energy physics

Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Piccolo, D.; Saviano, G.; Colafranceschi, S.; Kjølbro, J.; Sharma, A.; Yang, D.; Chen, G.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1505.00701

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Indeed, the chemical structures of C 2 H 2 F 4 and C 3 H 2 F 4 are very similar, except for only one carbon atom, therefore it may be reasonable to assume that electron cross sections of both gases might be quite similar. As next step, the initial ionization cross section was shifted from ∼10 eV to 7.5 eV because previous simulations suggest that the ionization energy of C 3 H 2 F 4 is ∼3 eV lower than that of C 2 H 2 F 4 [24]. Since the methodology consists in adjusting the electron collision cross sections to fit the measured electron swarm parameters, the elastic cross section of the initial set has repeatedly been modified by random variations of its magnitude in different energy ranges until the calculated values of drift velocity in pure C 3 H 2 F 4 were within the experimental uncertainties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron collision cross sections in tetrafluoropropene HFO1234ze

Bianchi¹,

Ferretti²,

Gagliardi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the recent years, the hydrofluoroolefine HFO1234ze(E) (C 3 H 2 F 4 ) has been subject to a growing interest for refrigerant applications. This novel gas is also considered a promising alternative in gaseous particle detectors and gaseous voltage insulation devices, thanks to its low global warming potential. In this contribution, measurements of electron transport coefficients and reaction rates in C 3 H 2 F 4 are analyzed by an iterative procedure. A complete set of scattering cross sections for electrons in C 3 H 2 F 4 has been obtained and validated by a systematic comparison of electron swarm parameters with experimental measurements in pure C 3 H 2 F 4 as well as in gas mixtures of C 3 H 2 F 4 /CO 2 . Since the electron attachment of C 3 H 2 F 4 is strongly influenced by the gas density, accurate calculations of the critical electric field strength in such mixtures are also reported in this paper.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron collision cross sections in tetrafluoropropene HFO1234ze

Bianchi¹,

Ferretti²,

Gagliardi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The number of primary electrons in C 3 H 2 F 4 is assumed to be ~9/mm according to the Benussi at al. 's simulation [12]. Concerning the effective ionization Townsend coefficient as a function of the HV, this parameter is evaluated by a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation [13] starting from the scattering cross sections of electrons in the gas mixture of interest.…”

Section: Reff Simulation and Its Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers: an experimental and simulation study

Bianchi

Delsanto²,

Dupieux

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A: Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) have shown stable operation at the Large Hadron Collider and satisfactory efficiency for the entire Run 1 (2010-2013) and Run 2 (2015-2018) with C 2 H 2 F 4 -based gas mixtures and the addition of SF 6 and i-C 4 H 10 . Since its global warming potential (GWP) is high, C 2 H 2 F 4 is phasing out of production due to recent European Union regulations and as a result its cost is progressively increasing. Therefore, finding a new RPC gas mixture with a low GWP has become extremely important.This contribution describes the simulation of the RPC efficiency with tetrafluoropropene C 3 H 2 F 4 (HFO1234ze), a hydrofluoroolefin with very low GWP. Simulation results are systematically compared with measurements of RPC efficiency in C 3 H 2 F 4 -based gas mixtures with the addition of different combinations of Ar, He, CO 2 , O 2 and i-C 4 H 10 in various concentrations. This simulation allows the study of the interplay between C 3 H 2 F 4 and the other gas components in the mixture as well as may allow the identification of the most promising environment-friendly gas mixtures with C 3 H 2 F 4 for RPCs. K: Resistive-plate chambers, Gaseous detectors, Charge transport and multiplication in gas, Eco-friendly gas mixtures 1Corresponding author.

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“…Many currently used refrigerant gases have a great impact on the environment since they either contribute largely to the greenhouse gas effect, or because they tear the ozone layer, or both. In an attempt to protect the environment, regulations preventing the production and use of certain refrigerant gases have been implemented [1]. Gas detectors are wide spread for detection, tracking and triggering of charged particles such as muons in Nuclear and High Energy Physics (HEP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%