Properties of Polystyrene/Acrylic Acid Membranes After Sulphonation Reactions

Benavides, R.; Oenning, L.W.; Paula, M.M.S.; Silva, Luciano da

doi:10.14447/jnmes.v17i2.428

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dielectric spectroscopy measurements show that both the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant values of the polystyrene particles increase with longer sulfonation time. This result is expected because the degree of sulfonation increases with reaction time [ 51 ], allowing more water to adsorb to the PS particles [ 45 , 52 ] and thus enhance protonic conductivity [ 53 ]. In our previous research [ 42 ], we validated the influence of water content on the dielectric properties of sulfonated PS particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles

et al. 2017

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Being able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles offers plenty of applications ranging from electronic sensors and photovoltaics to artificial flagella for hydrodynamic propulsion. In this work, we demonstrate the assembly of 1D structures composed of individual microparticles with modified electric properties, pulled out of a liquid environment into air. Polystyrene particles were modified by sulfonation for different reaction times and characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and dipolar force measurements. We found that by increasing the sulfonation time, the values of both electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the particles increase, and that the relaxation frequency of particle electric polarization changes, causing the measured dielectric loss of the particles to shift towards higher frequencies. We attributed these results to water adsorbed at the surface of the particles. With sulfonated polystyrene particles exhibiting a range of electric properties, we showed how the electric properties of individual particles influence the formation of 1D structures. By tuning applied voltage and frequency, we were able to control the formation and dynamics of 1D structures, including chain bending and oscillation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles

et al. 2017

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“…and W = weight of dry membrane [9] WU was measured by immersing the membranes in deionized water during 24 h and then weighed; after removal of water on the surface they were kept in an oven at 150°C during 24 h and weighed again. The percentage of water absorption was calculated by differences between dry/wet weights [8].…”

Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec) and Water Uptake (Wu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the copolymer poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (PSAA) and its sulfonated form to enhance ion conductivity as well as crosslinking with divinyl benzene (DVB) or trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) to enhance mechanical properties [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both properties are closely related with the exchangeable chemical group, as the sulfonic acid (HSO 3 ) without dissolving or loosing mechanical properties when hydrated. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) measurements is a common method to envisage the proton conduction during cell operation [9] and water absorption or water uptake (WU) is commonly evaluated gravimetrically [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical comparison of two sulfonated styrene PEM membranes synthesized by different methods

Benavides¹,

Rodríguez²,

Melo-López³

et al. 2015

J Appl Electrochem

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The synthesis of two random copolymers was carried out by radical copolymerization. Poly(styrene-coacrylic acid) in a 94:6 (St:AA) molar ratio, partially crosslinked with trimethylol propane trimethacrylate was synthesized by mass polymerization and then sulfonated (PSAAS-m) with sulfuric acid. On the other hand, the same random PSAA was synthesized by solution polymerization, but cross-linked with divinylbenzene and then sulfonated (PSAAS-s). Copolymers, including non sulfonated controls, were dissolved in THF and used to coat a platinum (Pt) electrode by ''deep coating'' and studied electrochemically by the voltamperometric cycle technique in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . Both non-sulfonated PSAA copolymers showed only a baseline signal, indicating no proton conductivity through them. The same result was obtained for the PSAAS-s copolymer, suggesting no proton conductivity as well. On the contrary, the copolymer synthesized in mass and highly sulfonated (PSAAS-m) showed the corresponding signals of Pt reduction, similar to the experiment carried out for the Pt electrode without any coating. Ion exchange capacity and water uptake measurements support the electrochemical findings.

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“…Benavides et al . prepared a novel proton conductivity membrane by copolymerizing St and AA and successively sulfonating in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 , 98%) at equimolar ratio even for 1 h at ambient temperature …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and sulfonation of dual monomer‐grafted polypropylene nonwoven fabrics

Tao

Pang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The sulfonation of styrenic polymers often needs harsh reaction conditions, such as concentrated sulfuric acid and elevated temperature. The awkward situation is handled by grafting copolymerization of polar and nonpolar monomers, and essentially the surface wettability between sulfonating agent and matrix polymer is circumvented in the study. Two pairs of dual monomers, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-acrylic acid (AA), styrene (St)-acrylic acid (AA), were grafted onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PP) using thermal polymerization, and the resulted fabrics were further sulfonated using sodium sulfite and sulfuric acid, respectively. The microstructure of the modified fabrics was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ion exchange property was verified by copper (II) removal from aqueous solution, and its reutilization was carried out in electrochemical desorption process. The results show that hydrophilic and active monomer AA speeds grafting and sulfonation, but overload of AA will deteriorate copolymerization of GMA, and switch copolymerization chain component due to acylation with benzene ring. Although interfacial compatilizer promotes dual grafting, its overdosing may intensify microphase segregation of the grafting polymers owing to emulsification. The resultant granular polymers will be drained off during functionalization and reutilization processes. The ion exchange fabrics can be applied for treatment of metal ion wastewaters with unique electrochemical desorption feature.

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Properties of Polystyrene/Acrylic Acid Membranes After Sulphonation Reactions

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles

Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles

Electrochemical comparison of two sulfonated styrene PEM membranes synthesized by different methods

Microstructure and sulfonation of dual monomer‐grafted polypropylene nonwoven fabrics

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