Properties of Poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate)‐Ionic Liquid Composite Film and Its Application in the Determination of Trace Metals Combined with Bismuth Film Electrode

Abstract

A new kind of bismuth film modified electrode to sensitively detect trace metal ions based on incorporating highly conductive ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF 6 ) in solid matrices at glassy carbon (GC) was investigated. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), silica, and Nafion were selected as the solid matrices. The electrochemical properties of the mixed films modified GC were evaluated. The electron transfer rate of Fe(CN) 6 4À /Fe(CN) 6 3À can be effectively improved at the PSS-BMIMPF 6 modified GC. The bismuth modified PSS-BMIMPF 6 composite film electrodes (GC/PSS-BMIMPF 6 /BiFEs) displayed high mechanical stability and sensitive stripping voltammetric performances for the determination of trace metal cations. The GC/PSS-BMIMPF 6 /BiFE exhibited well linear response to both Cd(II) and Pb(II) over a concentration range from 1.0 to 50 mg L À1. And the detection limits were 0.07 mg L À1 for Cd(II) and 0.09 mg L À1 for Pb(II) based on three times the standard deviation of the baseline with a preconcentration time of 120 s, respectively. Finally, the GC/PSS-BMIMPF 6 /BiFEs were successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in real sample, and the results of present method agreed well with those of atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Ionophore Based Bismuth Film Electrode for Lead

“…The stability of the ionophore and the ability of the Nafion to extract cations into the membrane, along with the excellence of bismuth film endow an electrode that possesses high precision and accuracy. The GC=NA-IONO=BiFE achieved a very low detection limit (4.4 Â 10 À11 M) which is much lower than those reported (Jia, et al 2008;Legeai, and Vittori, 2006;Jia, et al 2007). Research in our laboratory is in progress for further utility of GC=NA-IONO=BiFE as a flow-through sensor for online determination of lead.…”

“…Recently, mixed polymeric coatings on GC electrodes were reported to improve the performances of Nafion coatings (Jia, et al 2008;Monterroso, et al 2006;Leelasattarathkul, et al 2007;Rocha, et al 2006;Brett, et al 1999;Brett, et al 2001). A Nafion-coated GC electrode modified by neutral ionophore has been reported for simultaneously determine Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) (Chen, et al 1999).…”

Properties and Customization of Sensor Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…Ionogels represent an interesting approach also for the detection of ions and metal oxides by voltammetric methods such as stripping voltammetry (322), thanks to their solvation properties (323). For example, Wan et al (319) incorporated thiols to improve the stability of bucky-gels on carbon electrodes and then used the modified electrodes to detect lead ions by means of stripping voltammetry.…”

Especiação de cobre e zinco em urina: importância dos metais em doenças neurodegenerativas

“…45 Estudos realizados comprovam que os BFE apresentam elevada sensibilidade, um sinal bem definido e altamente reprodutível, um grande intervalo de potencial catódico, uma boa resolução de picos vizinhos, e ainda são menos sensíveis do que os MFE ao oxigénio dissolvido. 43,44,[46][47][48] No entanto, a vantagem mais significativa dos BFEs é que a toxicidade do Bi é negligenciá-vel, ao contrário da extrema toxicidade do Hg usado na preparação dos MFEs. 41,44,45,47,49,50 Recentemente, encontram-se alguns trabalhos visando a determinação de metais por voltametria de redissolução em BFEs, [51][52][53] sendo no entanto escassos os trabalhos desenvolvidos tendo em vista a especiação dos mesmos em BFEs.…”