Properties of novel surfactin‐derived biosurfactants obtained through solid‐phase synthesis

Abstract

Eight molecules, four peptides (SPs) and four lipopeptides (LPs) derived by rational design from surfactin, a well‐known secreted biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis, were produced employing Fmoc‐based solid‐phase synthesis. These new peptides were tested to evaluate their potential biosurfactant and biological activities, aiming at possible applications in industrial, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical use. Five molecules (SP1, SP2, SP4, LP5, and LP8) presented potential for medical uses, mainly due to their drug delivery properties as suggested by their synergistic activity with the antibiotic vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus. All synthetic peptides showed low toxicity against Vero cell cultures, in assays of hemolysis, and in different cytotoxicity assays. In addition, we found that three peptides (SP1, LP6, and LP7) had potential technological and industrial use because of their emulsifying capacity, low toxicity, and ability to physically stabilize solutions. These novel molecules retained some properties of the parental molecule (surfactin, which was originally obtained through nonribosomal synthesis in Bacillus subtilis) but have the advantage of being linear peptides, which can be produced at large scales through the use of conventional heterologous protein expression protocols.

Gut Bacteria of Rattus rattus (Rat) Produce Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Lipopeptides

“…Furthermore, CM2 were subjected to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that CM2 ( B. subtilis ) produced abundant isoforms of surfactant molecules during cultivation of potent antibacterial lipopeptides, i.e., “surfactin” 32 , 33 and pore-forming iturin A molecules. 34 , 35 …”

“…Furthermore, CM2 were subjected to liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that CM2 (B. subtilis) produced abundant isoforms of surfactant molecules during cultivation of potent antibacterial lipopeptides, i.e., "surfactin" 32,33 and pore-forming iturin A molecules. 34,35 Molecular ion peaks with high intensity were subjected to MS/MS and MS n analysis, and results showed that B. subtilis produced several lipopeptides and their derivatives.…”

A new surfactin-C17 produced by Bacillus subtilis TD7 with a low critical micelle concentration and high biological activity

“…The positive control (100% hemolysis) was the absorbance at 1% Triton X-100 in red blood cells, and the negative control (0% hemolysis) was the absorbance at 0.5% DMSO in red blood cells. 22 The hemolysis percentages were calculated according to the formula given by Deleu et al 23 With regard to the live subject statement it is submitted here that the study has been carried out as per Institutional Bioethics Committee and National Guidelines. And it did not involve any experimentation on live animals or humans.…”