Properties of Metallic Nanowires: From Conductance Quantization to Localization

Pascual, José; Méndez, Javier; Gómez-Herrero, Júlio; Baró, A. M.; Garcı́a, N.; Landman, Uzi; Luedtke, W. D.; Bogachek, É. N.; Cheng, Hu

doi:10.1126/science.267.5205.1793

Cited by 368 publications

(239 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the density of defects would determine the transport in nanotubes from a ballistic regime 8,9 to either weak or strong localization regimes. Quantum theory dictates that for a one dimensional conductor of length L 10,11 , with a given density of defects, localization effects emerge when the "phase coherence length" L φ is larger than the localization length L 0 . If L is not too large (for L about 3-10 L 0 ) and the inelastic interaction is weak, the wire resistance is controlled by the phase-coherent electron propagation 12 , falling into the strong localization regime in which the resistance increases exponentially with the length of the wire.…”

Section: Tuning the Conductance Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes by ion irradiation in the Anderson localization regime

et al. 2005

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Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription Tuning the conductance of single walled carbon nanotubes by ion irradiation in the Anderson localization regimeC. Gómez-Navarro 1 , P.J. Carbon nanotubes 1,2 are a good realization of one-dimensional crystals where basic science and potential nanodevice applications merge 3 . Defects are known to modify the electrical resistance of carbon nanotubes 4 . They can be present in asgrown carbon nanotubes, but controlling externally their density opens a path towards the tuning of the nanotube electronic characteristics. In this work consecutive Ar + irradiation doses are applied to single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) producing a uniform density of defects. After each dose, the room temperature resistance versus SWNT-length [R(L)] along the nanotube is measured. Our data show an exponential dependence of R(L) indicating that the system is within the strong Anderson localization regime. Theoretical simulations demonstrate that mainly di-vacancies contribute to the resistance increase induced by irradiation and that just a 0.03% of di-vacancies produces an increase of three orders of magnitude in the resistance of a 400 nm SWNT length.The traditional approximation to reduce the size and enhance the performance of electronic devices may not be applicable in the near future 5 . Electronic circuits based on molecules have created great expectation for their new foresighted properties. For the case of electronic circuits based on carbon nanotubes 6 , the influence of disorder and defects 4,7 is of fundamental relevance in the performance of the device. In particular, the density of defects would determine the transport in nanotubes from a ballistic regime 8,9 to either weak or strong localization regimes. Quantum theory dictates that for a one dimensional conductor of length L 10,11 , with a given density of defects, localization effects emerge when the "phase coherence length" L φ is larger than the localization length L 0 . If L is not too large (for L about 3-10 L 0 ) and the inelastic interaction is weak, the wire resistance is controlled by the phase-coherent electron propagation 12 , falling into the strong localization regime in which the resistance increases exponentially with the length of the wire. This regime has not been observed in single-walled nanotubes in spite of the many evidences for weak localization diffusive regime and quantum interference in multiwalled carbon nanotubes 13 . By changing the density of defects, L 0 can be modified allowing to control the resistance of the one dimensional conductor.Induced defects have been already used to modify different properties of carbon nanotubes. Indeed, electron-beam has been used to create in-situ nanotube junctions 14 and to enhance the mechanical response of nanotubes bundles by creating stable links among the tubes 15...

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Section: Tuning the Conductance Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes by ion irradiation in the Anderson localization regime

et al. 2005

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“…The formation process of ASWs during thinning of NCs has been investigated in relation to their quantized conductance defined by a quantum ͑G 0 =2e 2 / h, where e is the electron charge and h is Planck's constant͒. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The histograms of conductance values measured during the thinning process of NCs are produced to examine both the quantization of conductance and corresponding structures. In the conductance histograms of Au NCs, peaks are observed at integer multiples of G 0 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Kizuka

Monna

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Platinum ͑Pt͒ wires of single-atom width were produced by the retraction of a Pt nanotip from contact with a Pt plate at room temperature inside a transmission electron microscope. The distance between the nanotip and the plate was controlled using a conductance feedback system, as a result of which wires showing certain conductance values were observed continuously by in situ lattice imaging. Simultaneously, the force acting on the wires was measured using a function of atomic force microscopy. The tip-plate distance was also increased with a constant speed, and the atomic configuration, force, and conductance were similarly investigated. The single-atom-width Pt wires were found to exhibit straight shapes with an interatomic distance of 0.28Ϯ 0.03 nm. The wires were stable at a tensile force of approximately 1 nN; the observed interatomic distance resulted from elastic expansion. The present study demonstrated experimental evidence for the relationship between wire length and conductance; the wires extend from a three-atom length to a five-atom length as the selected feedback conductance decreases from 2.0 to 0.5G 0 ͑where G 0 =2e 2 / h, e being the charge of an electron and h Planck's constant͒. Contacts exhibiting a conductance of 3.0G 0 were two-atom-width contacts. In a conductance histogram constructed from the simple retraction, only one peak was observed at 1.3G 0 . Thus, it was found that the conductance of single-atom-width Pt wires is less than 3.0G 0 , with 1.3G 0 being that of the most-stable state.

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“…1,2,3,4,5,6,7 In particular, the stepwise behavior of the conductance measured in the course of wire stretching at room temperature has attracted the interests in various fundamental features of quantum theory, such as the quantization of ballistic electron transport in very thin and one dimensional conductors as well as Anderson's localization in very long metal wires 8 . Recorded values of conductance just before the breaking of the wire were in the range of the quantum of conductance, G o = 2e 2 /h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentagonal nanowires: A first-principles study of the atomic and electronic structure

et al. 2002

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We performed an extensive first-principles study of nanowires in various pentagonal structures by using pseudopotential plane wave method within the density functional theory. Our results show that nanowires of different types of elements, such as alkali, simple, transition and noble metals and inert gas atoms, have a stable structure made from staggered pentagons with a linear chain perpendicular to the planes of the pentagons and passing through their centers. This structure exhibits bond angles close to those in the icosahedral structure. However, silicon is found to be energetically more favorable in the eclipsed pentagonal structure. These quasi one dimensional pentagonal nanowires have higher cohesive energies than many other one dimensional structures and hence may be realized experimentally. The effect of magnetic state are examined by spin-polarized calculations. The origin of the stability are discussed by examining optimized structural parameters, charge density and electronic band structure, and by using analysis based on the empirical LennardJones type interaction. Electronic band structure of pentagonal wires of different elements are discussed and their effects on quantum ballistic conductance are mentioned. It is found that the pentagonal wire of silicon exhibits metallic band structure.

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Properties of Metallic Nanowires: From Conductance Quantization to Localization

Cited by 368 publications

References 22 publications

Tuning the conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes by ion irradiation in the Anderson localization regime

Tuning the conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes by ion irradiation in the Anderson localization regime

Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Pentagonal nanowires: A first-principles study of the atomic and electronic structure

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