Properties of Educated T Cells for Rosette Formation and Cooperation with T Cells

Hunter, Philippa; Munro, Alan; McConnell, Ian

doi:10.1038/newbio236052a0

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Using a Mishcll-Dutton type [10] culture system, Hart mann [11] found that helper T cells activat ed in vivo by one species of erythrocytes could, in the presence of two antigens (SRC, HRC) help an antibody response directed against the non-cross-reacting erythrocyte. This finding was confirmed by several in vestigators and extended to soluble antigens [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], However, the effects were small and no [11] or only some enhancing activity was found in the supernatant of these cul tures. Moreover, the original finding of Hartmann [11] was challenged by the find ing that SRC and HRC cross-react at the T cell level in Mishell-Dutton cultures [21]; that T cell help is induced independently of antigen in this system [22], and mainly, by a number of claims for antigen-specific T cell factors [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Clonal Induction of Helper T Cells: Conversion of Specific Signals into Nonspecific Signals

Schreier¹,

Tees²

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The mechanism by which murine helper T cells specific for sheep erythrocytes (SRC) or horse erythrocytes (HRC) exert their effect in an antibody response has been studied in a specific in vitro helper assay in which T cells specific for SRC (T’_SRC) do not support an antibody response against HRC and in which T cells specific for HRC (T’_HRC) do not support an antibody response against SRC. Either population of helper T cells can support an antibody response to both antigens if the homologous and an unrelated antigen are present at the same time. The helper effect is mediated by stable soluble products, the induction of which is antigen specific and independent of B cells. To exclude T cell-T cell interactions, pure populations of specific helper T cells were obtained by long-term culture in vitro of in vivo primed T cells followed by single cell cloning. Clones of T_SRC or T’_HRC are highly specific both in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo experiments syngeneic nude mice, selectively and specifically reconstituted with cloned helper T cells, were used. While specific helper T cells can also provide help in vitro for an unrelated antigen, in vivo only specific T cell help is revealed. The results indicate that the specificity of helper T cells is restricted to the interaction of a specific T cell receptor with the antigen which leads to the release of biologically active mediators which themselves have no antigen specificity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Clonal Induction of Helper T Cells: Conversion of Specific Signals into Nonspecific Signals

Schreier¹,

Tees²

1980

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Hartmann (1970,1971) This observation was confirmed by Hunter, Munro and McConnell (1972) and by Kettman and Dutton (1971). The number of RFC detected after 3 to 4 days of culture was directly proportional to the number of T-cells added to the culture.…”

Section: Transfer Of Lymphoid Cells From Bovine Gamma Globulin (Bgg)supporting

confidence: 52%

Comparison of the ease of tolerance induction in thymus and bone marrow of three strains of mice

Blackstock

Hyde

1973

Cellular Immunology

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“…Senyk et al, for example, showed that after immunization with bovine glucagons, rabbits and guinea pigs make antibodies against a glucagon N terminal peptide, whereas their lymphocytes divide in response to the C terminal part of the protein (8). This seemed to be due to different reactivities of T and B cells since we showed that mouse B and T cells cross react differently with red blood cells of different species and that, after immunization with sheep red blood cells, B cells can bind these cells directly, forming rosettes, but T cells cannot, even though the T cells are clearly able to respond to the antigen (9,10). At about the same time a number of experiments showed that T cell were geared towards recognition of antigens that were cell associated rather than soluble.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Evolutionarily Conserved Amino Acids That Control TCR-MHC Interaction

Marrack

Scott‐Browne

Dai

et al. 2008

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

252

341

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Alpha/beta T cell receptors (TCRs) react with major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) plus peptides, a poorly understood phenomenon, probably because thymocytes bearing TCRs that manifest MHC-reactivity too well are lost by negative selection. Only TCRs with attenuated ability to react with MHC appear on mature T cells. Also, the interaction sites between TCRs and MHC may be inherently flexible and hence difficult to spot. Contacts between TCRs and MHC in the solved structures of their complexes were reevaluated with these points in mind. The results show that frequently used amino acids in TCR CDR1 and CDR2 regions are often used to bind MHC, in areas around small amino acids on the surfaces of MHC α helices that form a cup, allowing somewhat flexible binding of the TCRs. The TCR amino acids involved are specific to families of V regions and partially different rules govern recognition of MHC1 versus MHCII. TermsT cell receptor; MHC; evolution; conserved interactions; tolerance; selection; major histocompatibility complex A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTIONIt is almost 50 years since the discovery that the thymus had something to do with immune responses. Shortly thereafter, cells derived from the thymus were found to improve the ability of B cells to make antibodies, This was followed by the discovery of the carrier effect, i.e. the observation that the antibody response to haptens requires simultaneous recognition of both the hapten and epitopes on the attached protein carrier. These findings dovetailed unexpectedly well to give rise to the idea that T cells created in the thymus react with one portion of the antigen and then help B cells make antibody against a different determinant on the same molecule (1-4). This satisfying explanation for cell cooperation in NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAnnu Rev Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 September 1.Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2008 ; 26: 171-203. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090421. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptimmune responses left unresolved one key problem for immunologists, the problem of the major histocompatibility complex.The fact that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represents a special case for immune responses had been recognized many years before, by people studying the rejection of grafts and tumors (5, 6). They found that differences at the MHC were recognized by the immune system extraordinarily rapidly. This phenomenon led Niels Jerne to propose that lymphocyte receptors, by which, at the time, he meant immunoglobulin proteins, had evolved evolutionary to react with alleles of the MHC (7). In a ground breaking theoretical paper, he suggested that lymphocytes developing in the thymus somatically mutate their evolutionarily generated receptors such that the receptors no longer react with the MHC of their host, but retain the ability to react well with MHC of others.Meanwhile, others were beginning to realize that T and B cells do not re...

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Properties of Educated T Cells for Rosette Formation and Cooperation with T Cells

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Clonal Induction of Helper T Cells: Conversion of Specific Signals into Nonspecific Signals

Clonal Induction of Helper T Cells: Conversion of Specific Signals into Nonspecific Signals

Comparison of the ease of tolerance induction in thymus and bone marrow of three strains of mice

Evolutionarily Conserved Amino Acids That Control TCR-MHC Interaction

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