Properties of Durable-Press Cotton Fabrics Related to Swellability

Cotton fabric is finished with dimethylodimethyldihydroxyethyleneurea using the pad-dry-cure process and different weight ratios of H 2 O/MeOH mixtures as solvents. Relationships between physical properties and weight ratios of H 2 O/MeOH show that WCRA and TSR values for the H 2 O/MeOH mixtures are higher than the theoretical values, but DCRA, nitrogen content, and formaldehyde content values for the H 2 O/ MeOH mixtures are lower than the theoretical values. WCRA values of the fabric samples treated using H20/MeOH = 40/60 mixtures are higher than those using the 100% water and methanol at the same DCRA and TSR values; in addition, WCRA values of the fabric samples treated using 100% methanol are higher than those using 100% water at the same DCRA and TSR values. The H 2 O/MeOH = 40/60 mixture gives higher WCRA values than the 100% methanol and water at the same CL/AGU, and the H 2 O/MeOH = 0/100 gives higher WCRA values than the H 2 O/MeOH = 100/0 at the same CL/AGU. For a given CL/AGU, the TSR values of the treated fabric using the three different H 2 O/MeOH mixtures as solvents are ranked 0/ 100 > 40/60> 100 / 0, but DCRA values show an opposite trend. At the same CL /AGU, the CL lengths of the samples treated with mixtures of H 2 O/MeOH as solvents are ranked 0/100 > 40/60 > 100/0. Crosslinking or other resin finishing agents applied to cellulose fabrics from various solvents have been reported in several papers [5,17]. In these studies, crosslinking using solvent vapor and high temperature steaming techniques for fixation seemed to offer advantages over pad-dry-bake systems, providing a good overall balance of properties. However, it was necessary to use resins that could be dissolved in the solvent, and generally, it was also necessary to add water to provide fiber swelling, unless the solvent itself was a swelling agent.Tonami et al. [ 1] ] pointed out that adding DMF to the pad bath improved wet crease recovery by improving the penetration of the crosslinking agent into the lamellae of the fibers. Our previous study [ 18 ] showed that the presence of methanol in the pad bath could increase wet crease recover values in the treated cottons.. Detailed information is lacking, however, on the degree of crosslinking and the structure of the crosslink formed in cotton fabric treated with H20/MeOH mixed systems as solvents. In this study, we examine fabric treated with dimethyloldimethyldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDMDHEU) (using different weight ratios of H20/MeOH mixtures) with respect to nitrogen and formaldehyde content, distribution of crosslinks per anhydroglucose unit (CL/AGU), length ofcrosslinks, and various physical properties of the treated fabric. ExperimentalIn this study, we used a desized, scoured, and bleached cotton fabric 40s X 40s ends ( 130 ) and picks (98). The N-methylol compound was DMDMDHEU, and the catalyst was zinc nitrate.The DMDMDHEU solution was applied at 2-8% in a pad bath together with zinc nitrate. The amount of catalyst was 109'6 on the weight of DMDMDHEU: Fabric samples were padde...

Section: Relationship Between Physical Properties and Degree Of Crossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinking Cotton Fabric with DMDMDHEU Using Water /Methanol Mixtures as Solvents

Hsiung

Chen

1995

“…Nelson and Rouselle [6] demonstrated that when crosslinking is effected in a dry state, as in the pad-dry-cure method we used in this work, the successive lamellae are closely bonded by the reagent crosslinks. While the presence of large reagent molecules in the interstices between the lamellae would increase the cross-sectional area and perimeter of the fiber, the crosslinks established would inhibit their separation when water or any swelling agent enters the fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Hence, the lamellae are so separated that the reagent linkages cannot be normally formed between them. Crosslinking will then be limited to elementary fibrils within each growth layer [6]. The crosslinks themselves are, therefore, unable to change the lateral dimensions of the fiber, though the acid treatment is alone able to bring about an irreversible distention in the fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Cotton Fibers on Crosslinking and on Subsequent Wetting

Hussain

Petkar

Iyer

et al. 1982

Changes in cross-sectional dimensions of cotton fibers resulting from crosslinking treatments were studied. One variety of cotton, Sujata, was subjected to crosslinking in dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea and in formaldehyde to different add-on levels. The changes in cross-sectional area and perimeter due to crosslinking, as well as the changes in these dimensions resulting from subsequent wetting, were measured. The results were discussed in the light of available information on fiber morphology and the nature of crosslinking reactions.

“…Bleached printcloth. was exposed for 11 days to vapor from paraformaldehyde-H~1 by a procedure previously described [ [7]. Da0 accessibility by the method of Rousselle and Nelson [8] REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE METHOD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium-Hydrogen-Exchange Accessibility of Cellulose by Use of D218O and Mass Spectroscopy

Guthrie

Heinzelman

1974

A method for measuring the deuterium-hydrogen-exchange accessibility of cellulose and of chemically modified cellululoses, based on the use of D 2 18 O and mass spectroscopy, has been applied to a variety of well characterized samples. The expected correlation of the values obtained with moisture regain determined at 65% relative humidity and 21° was found for unsubstituted celluloses, but not for substituted celluloses having covalently attached oxymethylene groups. It is postulated that this lack of correlation for the substituted celluloses is due to association of water with the oxymethylene groups, thus leading to higher moisture regain values than predicted from the deuterium-hydrogen-exchange values. A good correlation, however, was found between the deuterium accessibility of these substituted samples and their alkali centrifuge values. The effect on deuterium accessibility of heating purified cotton cellulose with D 2 18 O in sealed capillary tubes was also investigated.