Properties of Different Ethyl Alcohol Based Secondary Fluids Used for GSHP in Europe and Usa

Ignatowicz, Monika; Melinder, Åke; Palm, Björn

doi:10.22488/okstate.17.000518

“…Subsurface temperatures were recorded with the use of 4 PT-100 thermistors that have a measuring range between 10 °C to 200 °C and an accuracy of: ±1°C. Additionally, it is taken into account the use of an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol to reduce the freezing point of the secondary fluid (Ignatowicz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground) Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results

Barros-Enriquez,

Lopez,

Morocho

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Develop.

0

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Geothermal energy is a renewable and clean source that has been used for electricity generation in some countries since the 50s, the main characteristic to be used in this application is that the subsoil must have a high temperature geothermal resource (+150 °C). However, it can also be used in applications such as air conditioning in places where the temperature is around 30°C; In Europe alone, there are more than one million thermal installations operating by harnessing geothermal energy. The objective of the work was to design a cooling system from the storage of underground energy, for that, it is essential to know the variation of subsoil temperatures during a certain period of time. For this purpose, sensors were used that were installed at different depths and by means of an Arduino, information of a whole year was stored; so that these data are as representative as possible of the energy storage conditions and the changes depending on the seasons that pass. Additionally, the characteristics of the soil (conductivity, humidity and composition) were taken into account, where the equipment is intended to be installed in subsequent works. For the determination of the necessary cooling load, the design requirements of the ASHRAE standard were used and for the design of the underground heat exchanger, references of designs recommended through experimental tests in other research works are included, together with internal fluid methodology and one-dimensional heat transfer. It includes elements that can help improve the dissipation of energy into the subsurface and maintain transfer properties as stable as possible. This design is designed for the air conditioning of a classroom of normal dimensions that are used in the University and therefore avoid the energy consumption of conventional air conditioning equipment.

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“…Subsurface temperatures were recorded with the use of 4 PT-100 thermistors that have a measuring range between 10 °C to 200 °C and an accuracy of: ±1°C. Additionally, it is taken into account the use of an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol to reduce the freezing publishing José David Barros Enríquez et al -Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground) Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results 387 point of the secondary fluid [10]. Once the measurements of the sensors were collected, they were tabulated (Table 1) and graphed where it was possible to verify that, according to [11], the temperature variation decreases with depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground, Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results

Barros,

Villafuerte,

Avemañay

et al. 2024

J Appl Eng Science

0

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Geothermal energy is a renewable and clean source that has been used for electricity generation in some countries since the 50s, the main characteristic to be used in this application is that the subsoil must have a high temperature geothermal resource (+150 °C). However, it can also be used in applications such as air conditioning in places where the temperature is around 30°C; In Europe alone, there are more than one million thermal installations operating by harnessing geothermal energy. The objective of the work was to design a cooling system from the storage of underground energy, for that, it is essential to know the variation of subsoil temperatures during a certain period of time. For this purpose, sensors were used that were installed at different depths and by means of an Arduino, information of a whole year was stored; so that these data are as representative as possible of the energy storage conditions and the changes depending on the seasons that pass. Additionally, the characteristics of the soil (conductivity, humidity and composition) were taken into account, where the equipment is intended to be installed in subsequent works. For the determination of the necessary cooling load, the design requirements of the ASHRAE standard were used and for the design of the underground heat exchanger, references of designs recommended through experimental tests in other research works are included, together with internal fluid methodology and one-dimensional heat transfer. It includes elements that can help improve the dissipation of energy into the subsurface and maintain transfer properties as stable as possible. This design is designed for the air conditioning of a classroom of normal dimensions that are used in the University and therefore avoid the energy consumption of conventional air conditioning equipment.

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“…As the most conventional GSHP secondary fluid in Europe (Ignatowicz et al, 2017), an aqueous ethanol solution of 24% weight concentration is used as the heat-carrier fluid for geothermal loops. It has a freezing temperature of -14.6 ºC; however, its operating temperature Tf [°C] is restricted to be within the range of -5°C and +20°C.…”

Section: Geothermal Storage and Gshp Hybrid Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal storage integration into a supermarket's CO2 refrigeration system

Karampour

¹

,

Mateu-Royo

²

,

Rogstam

³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Refrigeration

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This paper investigates the integration of geothermal storage into the state-of-the-art CO 2 trans-critical booster systems. The objective is to evaluate the impact on energy efficiency of this integration. Three scenarios of integration are studied including stand-alone and integrated supermarket building systems. The results show that for a stand-alone supermarket, heat recovery from the CO2 system should be prioritized over extracting heat from the ground, which can be done either by an extra evaporator in the CO 2 system or by a separate ground source heat pump. In the case of supermarket integration with a nearby district heating consumer, geothermal storage integration with extra evaporator in the CO 2 refrigeration system can reduce the total annual running cost of the two buildings by 20-30%. The determining factors on profitability of geothermal storage integration are the heating demand of the supermarket and possibilities of coupling its heating system to another nearby consumer. This integration is beneficial if the full efficient heat recovery capacity of the CO2 system is not sufficient to provide the entire demands.

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Properties of Different Ethyl Alcohol Based Secondary Fluids Used for GSHP in Europe and Usa

Abstract: The extensive use of ground source heat pumps (GSHP)

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground) Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results

Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground) Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results

Design of a cooling system from underground thermal energy storage (UTES, Underground, Thermal Energy Storage) based on experimental results

Geothermal storage integration into a supermarket's CO2 refrigeration system

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