Properties of coconut shell powder‐filled polylactic acid ecocomposites: Effect of maleic acid

Koay, Seong Chun; Husseinsyah, Salmah; Osman, Hakimah

doi:10.1002/pen.23359

Cited by 74 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…WPC is widely found in replacing natural wood products like window fitting, flooring panel, door frame, and furniture. IKEA's ODGER chair is one of the example of WPC furniture that made from recycled plastic and wood fiber [2][3]. The soft wood fiber is the main choice of wood fiber that used to produce WPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Wood Plastic Composite Made Up of Durian Husk Fiber and Recycled Polystyrene Foam.

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Polystyrene foam is one of the major plastic waste that hardly to recycle. The present research is aims to recycle polystyrene foam as raw material to produce wood plastic composites (WPC). The WPC was produced from recycled polystyrene (rPS) and durian husk fiber (DHF) using melt compound and compression moulding processes. This paper is focus on effect of fiber content on tensile and thermal properties of rPS/DHF composite. The results found the tensile strength modulus of this WPC increased at higher fiber content, but elongation at break was reduced. However, this composites exhibited an early thermal degradation when subjected to high temperature and this was commonly found among WPC. The thermal degradation of rPS/DHF composites yielded high percentage of char residue due to char formation of DHF. Overall, the rPS/DHF composites with 60 phr fiber content able to achieved strength slight above 16 MPa without any chemical treatment additives. This indicates the rPS/DHF composites can be a potential WPC if further modify with to improve its strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Wood Plastic Composite Made Up of Durian Husk Fiber and Recycled Polystyrene Foam.

et al. 2018

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“…Agro-waste composites offer excellent engineering potential because they are light-weight, environmentally friendly, economical, renewable, and abundant and have high strength and rigidity, and they provide a plausible environmental solution to municipal waste disposal (Pirayesh et al 2012;Zahedi et al 2015). Some combinations of agricultural wastes such as palm kernel shell, coconut shell, walnut shell flour, cocoa pod husk, oil palm agro wastes, peanut shell, rubber seed shell flour, almond shell flour, and thermoplastic materials have been successfully developed (Malkapuram et al 2009;Pirayesh et al 2012;Pirayesh et al 2013;Chun et al 2013;Salmah and Ismail 2013;Obasi et al 2014;Zaaba et al 2014;Mohd Suhaimi and Ismail 2014;Zahedi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Walnut Shell Flour-Filled Thermoplastic Starch Composites

2016

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The goal of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of walnut shell flour (WSF) as substitute for wood in walnut shell flour/thermoplastic starch (WSF/TPS) composites. The effects of walnut shell flour (WSF), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and nanoclay on the physical and mechanical properties of WSF/TPS composites were investigated. The composite samples were formed in a Colin extruder with four-chamber heat with temperatures. Then, test samples were made using injection molding. The addition of up to 40% WSF greatly improved the tensile strength, flexural strength, and elasticity modulus of the composite. Also, the composites made with higher WSF contents had increased thickness swelling and water absorption. The incorporation of nanoclay (0% to 5%), greatly improved the tensile properties. Soil burial degradation experiments showed that biodegradation was accelerated by the increase of starch in the composite mixtures. The study showed that WSF can be successfully utilized for the manufacture of composites with useful physical and mechanical properties.

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“…The modified composites had higher tensile strength than the unmodified composites. The improvement of the filler-matrix interaction was due to the reaction between maleic acid and the hydroxyl groups of ETSS (Chun et al 2013b). Among all of the composites, the modified rPP/ETSS with 10 php ETSS showed the highest tensile strength.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Surface Modification of Elateriospermum tapos Seed Shell Recycled Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2015

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The influence of the filler content and surface modification of Elateriospermum tapos seed shell (ETSS)-filled recycled polypropylene (rPP) on the tensile, thermal, and morphological properties was investigated. Maleic acid (MA) was used for the chemical modification of ETSS. It was found that increasing the ETSS content decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of composites. However, the modulus of elasticity increased with the addition of ETSS. The thermal properties of composites were examined using thermal analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of ETSS indicated better thermal stability of rPP/ETSS composites. The degree of crystallinity (Xc) of the composites decreased with increasing ETSS content. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of modified composites was higher than unmodified composites. Surface modification with maleic acid increased the thermal stability and crystallinity of the modified rPP/ETSS composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the filler-matrix interaction improved with the modification of ETSS with maleic acid.

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Properties of coconut shell powder‐filled polylactic acid ecocomposites: Effect of maleic acid

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Wood Plastic Composite Made Up of Durian Husk Fiber and Recycled Polystyrene Foam.

Preparation and Characterization of Wood Plastic Composite Made Up of Durian Husk Fiber and Recycled Polystyrene Foam.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Walnut Shell Flour-Filled Thermoplastic Starch Composites

Surface Modification of Elateriospermum tapos Seed Shell Recycled Polypropylene Composites

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