Properties of cement made by partially replacing cement raw materials with municipal solid waste ashes and calcium carbide waste

Field evaluation of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue

“…The primary components in CCR are calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), followed by small amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), sulfide, metal oxide, and organic matters (Jaturapitakkul and Roongreung, 2003). CCR is predominantly in a slurry-form, and is characterized by both high alkalinity and water content, which unfortunately becomes a source of pollution to surface and underground water (Krammart and Tangtermsirikul, 2004;Sharma and Reddy, 2004). Approximately 17.2 million tonnes of CCR was produced in China in 2010 .…”

Analysis on differences of carbon dioxide emission from cement production and their major determinants

“…The properties of CCR cements were approved when the raw materials replaced by CCR (Krammart and Tangtermsirikul, 2004;Rattanashotinunt et al, 2013). In China there are more than 20 of the carbide slag cement production lines in production or under construction, the annual clinker production capacity is about 11.5 Mt.…”

Use of vitrified MSWI bottom ashes for concrete production

“…The following reactions were identified by these authors (Müller and Rübner, 2006 According to the authors' recommendation (Müller and Rübner, 2006), in order to guarantee durability for concrete containing this MSWI bottom ash, the aluminium content of the MSWI bottom ash must be reduced, and, secondly, the amount of bottle glass must also be reduced. The use of bottom ashes in kilns as a raw material for clinker production (Uchikawa and Obana, 1995;Kikuchi, 2001) is considered another way to re-use them, but since they contain chloride, only a limited amount of bottom ash can be used (Chen and Chiou, 2007;Krammart and Tangtermsirikul, 2003. The use of vitrified bottom ash is expected to eliminate the abovementioned drawbacks, i.e., the obtained glass is homogeneous, its composition is different from post-consumer glass, and metallic aluminium is absent. Furthermore, vitrification of bottom and fly ashes from MSWI offers the advantage of complete inertisation and is expected to be an attractive alternative for a sustainable long-term use of bottom ashes (Lin and Chang, 2006;Moustakas et al, 2007;Xiao et al, 2007).…”