Properties of an interfacial solution layer at gold electrode surface in perchlorate and chloride solutions: piezoelectric resonator and drag force study

Plaušinaitis, Deivis; Pulmanas, Arunas; Kubilius, V.; Raudonis, Rimantas; Daujotis, V.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.007

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A possible explanation of the observed drastic changes in the friction can be attributed to the dependency of the shear viscosity of water at the gold interface on the surface potential. Previous studies showed an increase in the shear viscosity of interfacial water (∼10 7 higher than bulk water) when the surface of the gold is positively charged, 30,32 which is likely due to the reconstruction of water at the interface into highly confined icelike layers. Other studies 20,38 suggest that the higher confinement of interfacial water comes from a larger number of saturated hydrogen bonds, which resembles bulk ice on a positively charged surface.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Understanding interfacial and tribological behavior on the molecular scale has been an area of continued scientific interest. − Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows for the study of nanoscale interfacial interactions between atoms and molecules of opposite surfaces. − A significant number of studies have been conducted that aim to measure and control the nanoscale frictional properties of a system. − The ability to control and manipulate friction during sliding is important for a variety of technologies such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). , An explored strategy for controlling frictional forces involves reversible responses to active external stimuli such as the electrical potential. − An electrochemical environment not only allows quick and reversible changes of interfaces and thus friction − but also enables the preparation of a clean surface, which is essential to get quantitatively reliable and interpretable results. , Water molecules have been shown to rearrange into an ordered and confined structure within a few molecular diameters from a solid surface. ,− The confined water layer exhibits properties different from those found in bulk water. − Several studies have confirmed drastic increases in the effective viscosity of the water layer extended up to 5 nm away from a solid surface. − The presence of an applied electric field on the solid surface can further increase the effective viscosity of confined water on the order of 10 6 –10 7 . − Danielewicz-Ferchmin and Ferchmin provided theoretical evidence of a phase transition in water under ambient conditions in a local electric field within the range of 0.77 × 10 9 to 1.36 × 10 9 V/m. Although there is growing understanding of the icelike water structure and its properties next to charged surfaces, there is limited information about the frictional properties as a result of the confined water layer, especially in the presence of an applied electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalous Potential-Dependent Friction on Au(111) Measured by AFM

et al. 2017

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We present an exploratory study of the tribological properties between an AFM probe and a Au(111) surface in an aqueous environment while subjected to applied surface potentials. Using a three-electrode setup, the electrical potential and interfacial electric field on a Au(111) working electrode are controlled. Lateral force microscopy is used to measure the friction forces between the AFM probe and the Au surface. As the AFM probe approaches the surface, normal forces are also measured to gain insight into the interfacial forces. When a positive potential is applied to the Au surface, the friction is found to rise sharply at a critical potential and level off at a relatively high value. However, when a negative potential is applied, the friction forces are low, even lower compared to the open circuit potential case. These changes in friction, by a factor of approximately 35, as a function of the applied potential are found to be reversible over multiple cycles. We attribute the origin of the high friction at positive potentials to the formation of a highly confined, ordered icelike water layer at the Au/electrolyte interface that results in effective hydrogen bonding with the AFM probe. At negative potentials, the icelike water layer is disrupted, resulting in the water molecules acting as boundary lubricants and providing low friction. Such friction experiments can provide valuable insight into the structure and properties of water at charged surfaces under various conditions and can potentially impact a variety of technologies relying on molecular-level friction such as MEMs.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Potential-Dependent Friction on Au(111) Measured by AFM

et al. 2017

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“…According to previous studies [19,27,28,32,40], these repulsive forces can be ascribed to the steric effect of surface-confined water molecules, which is known as hydration force [19]. The effective surface viscosity is relatively low at negative potential because the surface water molecules can move freely [27,40]; however, as the applied potential increases, the surface water molecules align at the interface to form an ice-like surface layer, increasing the viscosity of the water layer and therefore the repulsion forces [27,31,32,34,40,41]. Classical hydrodynamic drainage (F = 6πηR 2 V/D) can be used to calculate the viscosity of the surface layer [32,40,54,55].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In aqueous solutions, water molecules rearrange their conformations on charged surfaces [27][28][29][30], resulting 2 Friction | https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/friction in viscosities near the surface that are 10 5 -10 7 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk water [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Previous studies have shown that such confined water layers have a significant impact on the frictional properties of the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification/mechanism of interfacial interaction modulated by electric potential in aqueous salt solution

Bai

et al. 2020

Friction

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With the development of surface and interface science and technology, methods for the online modulation of interfacial performance by external stimuli are in high demand. Switching between ultra-low and high friction states is a particular goal owing to its applicability to the development of precision machines and nano/micro-electromechanical systems. In this study, reversible switching between superlubricity and high friction is realized by controlling the electric potential of a gold surface in aqueous salt solution sliding against a SiO 2 microsphere. Applying positive potential results creates an ice-like water layer with high hydrogen bonding and adhesion at the interface, leading to nonlinear high friction. However, applying negative potential results in free water on the gold surface and negligible adhesion at the interface, causing linear ultra-low friction (friction coefficient of about 0.004, superlubricity state). A quantitative description of how the external load and interfacial adhesion affected friction force was developed, which agrees well with the experimental results. Thus, this work quantitatively reveals the mechanism of potential-controlled switching between superlubricity and high-friction states. Controlling the interfacial behavior via the electric potential could inspire novel design strategies for nano/micro-electromechanical and nano/micro-fluidic systems.

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“…Within a few nanometers away from an electrode surface, water rearranges into a highly confined structure (Kim et al, 2003;Khan et al, 2010;Velasco-Velez et al, 2014), showing unique physical properties different from those of bulk water (Lee and Rossky, 1994;Toney et al, 1994;Dhinojwala and Granick, 1997;Raviv and Klein, 2002). For instance, the effective viscosity of water layers extended up to 5 nm away from an electrode surface has been found to increase dramatically upon applying a positive potential (Antognozzi et al, 2001;Xie et al, 2009;Guriyanova et al, 2011;Plausinaitis et al, 2014). Guriyanova et al (2011) reported that the effective viscosity of water layers at positively charged electrode surfaces can be on the order of 10 6 -10 7 larger compared to bulk water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Interfacial Water and Applied Potential on Friction at Au(111) Surfaces

Pashazanusi

Kristiansen

et al. 2019

Front. Mech. Eng.

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The tribological properties between an AFM tip and a Au(111) surface in an aqueous environment is influenced by an applied electrical potential. Using lateral force microscopy, we measure the resulting friction force, while simultaneously applying a predetermined electrical potential on the Au surface via a three-electrode setup. Applying a positive potential to the Au surface forms an interfacial water layer at the Au/electrolyte interface, which sharply increases friction. However, when an anodic potential is applied, lower friction forces are measured. The potential dependent friction is observed on ultra-smooth gold surfaces as well as Au surfaces with larger roughness. An increase in the ionic strength of the electrolyte is found to lower friction. The use of an aqueous NaOH solution is found to lower the critical potential at which the friction sharply increases. Normal force curves are also measured as a function of approach velocity. The normal force linearly increases as the approach velocity increases in agreement with a drainage model. These results provide valuable insight into the effect of applied electrical potentials on the properties of water at charged surfaces and can potentially impact a wide range of fields including tribology, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), energy storage devices, fuel cells, and catalysis.

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Properties of an interfacial solution layer at gold electrode surface in perchlorate and chloride solutions: piezoelectric resonator and drag force study

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Anomalous Potential-Dependent Friction on Au(111) Measured by AFM

Anomalous Potential-Dependent Friction on Au(111) Measured by AFM

Quantification/mechanism of interfacial interaction modulated by electric potential in aqueous salt solution

Role of Interfacial Water and Applied Potential on Friction at Au(111) Surfaces

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