Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen

Aguilar, M.; Cavasonza, L. Ali; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Barão, F.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, Alessandro; Pree, Seth; Battiston, R.; Behlmann, M.; Beranek, B.; Berdugo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Bindi, V.; Bollweg, K.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M.; Bourquin, M.; Bueno, E. F.; Burger, J. D.; Burger, W. J.; Burmeister, Sönke; Cai, Xudong; Capell, M.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, G M; Chen, G R; Chen, H S; Chen, Y; Cheng, Lin; Chou, H. Y.; Chouridou, S.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C. H. Douglas; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; Mendez, C. Delgado; Torre, S. Della; Demirköz, B.; Derome, L.; Falco, S. Di; Felice, V. Di; Díaz, C.; Dimiccoli, F.; Doetinchem, P. von; Dong, Fang; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Feng, J. H.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P. H.; Formato, V.; Freeman, C.; Gámez, C.; García-López, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gervasi, M.; Giovacchini, F.; Gómez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Goy, C.; Grabski, V.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Haino, S.; Han, K.; Hashmani, R. K.; He, Z. H.; Heber, B.; Hsieh, Timothy H.; Hu, Jiayu; Incagli, M.; Jang, W. Y.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Khiali, B.; Kim, G N; Kirn, T.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Kuhlman, Andrew; Kulemzin, A.; Vacca, G. La; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, H T; Lee, S C; Li, J Q; Li, M; Li, Q; Li, S; Li, J H; Li, Z H; Liang, Juncheng; Light, Christopher; Lin, Chao-Hung; Lippert, Th.; Liu, J H; Liu, Z; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Yao; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, Junzhou; Luo, Xi; Machate, F.; Mañá, C.; Marín, J.; Marquardt, J.; Martin, Thierry; Martínez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Menchaca‐Rocha, A.; Meng, Qiao; Михайлов, В. В.; Molero, M.; Mott, P. H.; Mussolin, L.; Negrete, J. D.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palermo, M.; Palmonari, F.; Paniccia, M.; Pashnin, A.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Phan, H. D.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Poluianov, Stepan; Qin, X.; Qu, Z. Y.; Quadrani, L.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Conde, A.; Robyn, E.; Rosier‐Lees, S.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R. Z.; Schael, S.; Dratzig, A. Schulz von; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shakfa, Z.; Shan, B. S.; Siedenburg, T.; Solano, C.; Song, Jiwei; Song, Xiaojian; Sonnabend, R.; Strigari, Lidia; Su, T.; Sun, Qiang; Sun, Z. T.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, X.; Tang, Zhicheng; Tian, Jie; Ting, Samuel C.C.; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, Nicola; Torsti, J.; Tüysüz, Cenk; Urban, T.; Usoskin, Ilya; Vagelli, V.; Vainio, Rami; Valencia-Otero, M.; Valente, E.; Валтонен, Э.; Acosta, Mónica Vázquez; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Vialle, J. P.; Wang, C X; Wang, L; Wang, L Q; Wang, N H; Wang, Q L; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Yu; Wang, Z M; Wei, Jiahui; Weng, Z.; Wu, H. R.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xu, W.; Yan, Qi; Yang, Y.; Yashin, I. I.; Han, Yi; Yu, Yangyi; Yu, Zhao-Huan; Zannoni, M.; Zhang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, J H; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Fengyi; Zheng, C.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Жуков, В.; Zichichi, A.; Zuccon, P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.021101

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A summary of the AMS-02 particle spectra that were measured so far can be found here [256]. Since the publication of [256], results on Sodium, Aluminum, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter and Iron were also added [257][258][259][260]. The particle spectra are critical for understanding the transport of cosmic rays in our Galaxy.…”

Section: Payload For Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter

Aramaki¹,

Boezio²,

Buckley³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This white paper discusses the current landscape and prospects for experiments sensitive to particle dark matter processes producing photons and cosmic rays. Much of the γ-ray sky remains unexplored on a level of sensitivity that would enable the discovery of a dark matter signal. Currently operating GeV-TeV observatories, such as Fermi-LAT, atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, and water Cherenkov detector arrays continue to target several promising dark matter-rich environments within and beyond the Galaxy. Soon, several new experiments will continue to explore, with increased sensitivity, especially extended targets in the sky. This paper reviews the several near-term and longer-term plans for γray observatories, from MeV energies up to hundreds of TeV. Similarly, the X-ray sky has been and continues to be monitored by decade-old observatories. Upcoming telescopes will further bolster searches and allow new discovery space for lines from, e.g., sterile neutrinos and axion-photon conversion.Furthermore, this overview discusses currently operating cosmic-ray probes and the landscape of future experiments that will clarify existing persistent anomalies in cosmic radiation and spearhead possible new discoveries.Finally, the article closes with a discussion of necessary cross section measurements that need to be conducted at colliders to reduce substantial uncertainties in interpreting photon and cosmic-ray measurements in space.Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter

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Section: Payload For Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter

Aramaki¹,

Boezio²,

Buckley³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…With their latest paper on CR sodium and aluminum, the AMS-02 Collaboration (Aguilar et al 2021b) has now completed their series of papers on CR species H-Si and Fe (Aguilar et al 2014(Aguilar et al , 2015a(Aguilar et al , 2015b(Aguilar et al , 2016a(Aguilar et al , 2016b(Aguilar et al , 2017(Aguilar et al , 2018a(Aguilar et al , 2018b(Aguilar et al , 2019a(Aguilar et al , 2019b(Aguilar et al , 2020(Aguilar et al , 2021b(Aguilar et al , 2021c(Aguilar et al , 2021d. Fluorine, sodium, and aluminum in CRs share some common features: all three have odd atomic numbers, and are mostly represented by a single stable isotope with an odd number of nucleons, F, Na, stellar nucleosynthesis, the source and CR abundances of these elements are considerably lower than their even-Z neighbors, 8 O, 10 Ne, 12 Mg, and 14 Si.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Sodium and Aluminum and Unexpected Aluminum Excess

Boschini

Torre

Gervasi

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, p ¯ , e ±, and nuclei (H–Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectra of CR sodium and aluminum up to ∼2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. In this paper, we use precise measurements of the sodium and aluminum spectra by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to test their origin. We show that the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions made with the GalProp-HelMod framework, while the aluminum spectrum shows a significant excess in the rigidity range from 2–7 GV. In this context, we discuss the origin of other low-energy excesses in Li, F, and Fe found earlier. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernova activity in the solar neighborhood. We also provide updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) of sodium and aluminum in the rigidity range from a few megavolts to ∼2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework, which has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR p ¯ , e −, and nuclei Z ≤ 28.

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“…The space station experiment Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) improves the measurement precision of the CR fluxes by an order of magnitude of the systematics (Aguilar et al 2013) and leads us to a precision-driven era. The released spectra of different nucleus species by AMS-02 (including the primary CR species: proton, Aguilar et al 2015;helium (He), carbon (C), oxygen (O), Aguilar et al 2017;neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), Aguilar et al 2020;iron (Fe), Aguilar et al 2021b; the secondary CR species: lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), boron (B), Aguilar et al 2018b); fluorine (F), Aguilar et al 2021c; the hybrid CR species: nitrogen (N), Aguilar et al 2018a;sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al), Aguilar et al 2021d) provide us an excellent opportunity to study the origin, acceleration, and propagation of CRs. As the most obvious and attractive fine structure in AMS-02 nucleus spectra, the spectral hardening in the region of 100−1000 GV has been studied by many works.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Origins of the Cosmic-Ray Nucleus Spectral Hardening at a Few Hundred GV

Niu

2022

ApJ

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Many experiments have confirmed the spectral hardening at a few hundred GV of cosmic-ray (CR) nucleus spectra, and three general different origins have been proposed: the primary source acceleration, the propagation, and the superposition of different kinds of sources. The AMS-02 CR nucleus spectra of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and B (which includes B and its dominating parent species) are collected to study the necessity of employing a break in diffusion coefficient and independent breaks in primary source injection spectra to reproduce the spectral hardening at a few hundred GV. For comparison, three different schemes are introduced to do the global fitting. The fitting results show that both the break in diffusion coefficient and the independent breaks in primary source injection spectra are needed, which correspond to the spatially dependent propagation and the superposition of different kinds of sources, respectively. Consequently, the nucleus spectral hardening in a few hundred GV should have hybrid origins. Moreover, the CR spectral indices of He and Ne show large deviations from other species in the low-rigidity region, which indicates their different CR origins.

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Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of cosmic-ray and high-energy photon probes of particle dark matter

Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Sodium and Aluminum and Unexpected Aluminum Excess

Hybrid Origins of the Cosmic-Ray Nucleus Spectral Hardening at a Few Hundred GV

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