Properties of a hydrophone produced with porous PZT ceramic

Giant electric-field-induced strains in lead-free ceramics for actuator applications – status and perspective

“…A relatively large volume change reaching up to ∼0.1 % at 6 kV/mm implies a high potentiality for hydrophone applications, whose figure of merit is given by the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient, d h . d h is defined as d 33 +2·d 31 , which is related to the volume change under electric field [100][101][102][103]. Apart from the fact that BT suffers from its relatively low Curie point (∼110°C for the currently prepared BT ceramics [104]) that limits practical applications, BT is one of the best piezoceramics so far.…”

Advanced Synthesis on Lead‐Free KxNa(1−x)NbO3 Piezoceramics for Medical Imaging Applications

“…The performance and imaging quality of ultrasonic scanner are highly affected, in large part, by the characteristics (acoustic impedance, piezoelectric performance, dielectric constant, mechanical stability) of the piezoelectric material placed in the active layer. Better sensitivity (−24 dB) and high‐frequency (25 MHz) properties could allow to develop a high‐efficient 3D/4D probe for prenatal examination able to detect body malformations and pathologies from the early stage of growth . Broadband transducers, operating at multiple frequencies, are typically used in this field.…”

3-D waves in porous piezoelectric materials

“…Experimental studies (Roncari et al, 2001;Xia et al, 2003;Boumchedda et al, 2007;Levassort et al, 2007;Zeng et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2008;Boumchedda et al, 2010) have been done related to characteristics, fabrication and manufacturing of porous piezoelectric materials and the influence of porosity on its properties. The study of the effects of porosity on the electromechanical properties of porous piezoelectric materials, on the basis of numerical models based on finite-element method, was done by Kar-Gupta and Venkatesh (2006.…”