Properties enhancement of carboxymethyl cellulose with thermo-responsive polymer as solid polymer electrolyte for zinc ion battery

Abstract

A novel polymer host from carboxymethyl cellulose (cMc)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pnipAM) was developed for a high safety solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in a zinc ion battery. Effects of the PNiPAM loading level in the range of 0-40% by weight (wt%) on the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the CMC/PNiPAMx films (where x is the wt% of PNiPAM) were symmetrically investigated. The obtained CMC/PNiPAMx films showed a high compatibility between the polymers. The CMC/PNiPAM20 blend showed the greatest tensile strength and modulus at 37.9 MPa and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal degradation of CMC was retarded by the addition of PNiPAM. Scanning electron microscopy images of CMC/PNiPAM20 revealed a porous structure that likely supported Zn 2+ movement in the SPEs containing zinc triflate, resulting in the high Zn 2+ ion transference number (0.56) and ionic conductivity (1.68 × 10-4 S cm −1). interestingly, the presence of PNiPAM in the CMC/PNiPAMx blends showed a greater stability during charge-discharge cyclic tests, indicating the ability of pnipAM to suppress dendrite formation from causing a short circuit. The developed CMC/PNiPAM20 based SPE is a promising material for high ionic conductivity and stability in a Zn ion battery. With the environmental concerns and the limitation of fossil fuels as well as the growing energy demands, the rechargeable battery is one kind of renewable energy sources which is consecutively developed for a sustainable energy supply. In spite of the most promising technology of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the zinc ion battery is used as a compelling alternative battery chemistry to LIBs for energy storage system 1-3 owing to its low cost, abundance, inflammability, low toxicity, promising energy density and environmental friendlier 4,5. The utilization of metal-ion batteries as power sources has led to exhaustive research on electrolyte systems with high electrochemical performance. It plays a significant role in battery electrochemistry that is the medium for the movement of ions within the batteries. Recently, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have interested raised attention and enhanced research efforts as a fascinating alternative electrolyte bridge to liquid polymer electrolyte (LPEs) due to a lot of benefits, i.e., high durability, high energy density, lightweight, great flexibility for cell design, inert towards the electrodes, overcome the limitation of solvent leakage and low volatility, reduce the cell assembly cost, and great electrochemical and thermal stability 6. Fundamentally, SPEs consist of a dissolution of metal salts, e. g. lithium and zinc salt, in a host polymer, which the hopping process is used to describe the metal ions movement along the amorphous phase of polymer after the salts dissociate by interaction with the polar group of polymer 7. To coordinate with ions, therefore, the host polymer must contain electron donor groups such as O, N, and S. Moreover, it should

Bio-Based Plasticized PVA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Energy Storage EDLC Devices: Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Properties

“…A non-Faradaic mechanism of energy storage (ES) is used in the EDLC where a double layer (DL) at the area of the electrolyte-electrode is created by the ions transfer or accumulation of charges where there is no involvement of electrons [5]. The usage of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in these applications has also been acknowledged by few researchers because of their ability to provide good mechanical stability and good electrolyte/electrode contact [6]. SPEs also have much less tendency to harm the internal components of the devices because they circumvent leaking and corrosive problems that are possessed by liquid electrolyte [7][8][9].…”

Comparative study of water‐processable polymeric binders in LiMn2O4 cathode for aqueous electrolyte batteries

“…These two phenomena will result in a uniformly distributed, electrolyteswollen network throughout the electrode, improving ion transport. [21,34] The enhanced performance when CMC is coupled with PTFE over SBR is likely due to the fibril nature of PTFE. [35] This allows PTFE to provide strength and flexibility, while still leaving exposed particle surface area on which CMC can adhere.…”

A Review of the Use of GPEs in Zinc-Based Batteries. A Step Closer to Wearable Electronic Gadgets and Smart Textiles

“…Cross-linked CMC is water-insoluble in contrast to conventional NaCMC-based hydrogels, it is highly water-swellable to form superabsorbent hydrogels. Carboxymethyl cellulose used in the hydrogels has increased the pore sizes because of the repulsion caused by the electronic cloud of carboxyl groups which produce to a greater swelling ratio [186,314]. The most common use of CMC in the electrochemical field is as a binder in electrodes [302].…”

“…Dueramae et al [186] blended CMC sodium salt and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) a well-known thermo-responsive polymer, the properties of which can be fine-tuned at 32 • C, a temperature close to that of the human body, via the switchable hydrophilic amide group (-CONH-) and hydrophobic propyl [-CH(CH 3 ) 2 ] moieties in the monomer structure. PNiPAM was synthesized by free radical polymerization using benzene as solvent.…”