Properties, composition, and analysis of grain sorghum wax

Abstract

Grain sorghum wax has been judged to be a potential source of natural wax with properties similar to carnauba wax. Approximately 0.16-0.3% (w/w) wax can be extracted from grain sorghum depending on the efficiency of the organic solvents. Although the melting points of carnauba wax and sorghum wax are similar, i.e., 78-86 and 77-85°C, respectively, they differ in acid values, i.e., 2-10 and 10-16, respectively, and saponification numbers, i.e., 77-95 and 16-49, respectively. Improved knowledge of the properties, composition, and analysis of grain sorghum wax would assist in efforts for industrial application of this product. Major components of sorghum wax are hydrocarbons, wax esters, aldehydes, free fatty alcohols, and FFA. The hydrocarbons consist mainly of C 27 and C 29 , and the aldehydes, alcohols, and acids are mainly C 28 and C 30 . The wax esters are mostly esters of C 28 and C 30 alcohols and acids.

A novel approach for application of white rot fungi in wastewater treatment under non-sterile conditions: immobilization of fungi on sorghum

“…Grain sorghum (sorghum) is a grain, forage or cereal crop consisting of white, yellow, red, brown or black endosperms. Their main components are starch (∼75%), protein (∼12%), lipids (∼4%), fibre (∼3%) and ash (∼ 2%) along with several minerals, vitamins and amino acids [37]. The compositional profiles of sorghum along with some of its applications were summarized elsewhere [38].…”

Les cires végétales : sources et applications

“…Dans le premier, on y trouvera les composés les plus communs de type alcane (C 19 -C 37 ), ester (C 30 -C 60 ), acide (C 12 -C 36 ), alcool primaire (C 12 -C 36 ) et aldéhyde (C 14 -C 34 ) qui ne sont pas forcément dominants lorsque présents. Pour mémoire, la cire de feuille de pois (Pisum sativum L., cultivar avanta) contient plus de 40 % d'alcanes [10], les cires de graine de sorgho (Sorghum bicolor) 55 % d'aldéhydes [11,12] et la cire de coque de graine de tournesol presque 70 % d'esters [13]. Le deuxième groupe, en revanche, concerne des composés plus rares comme les cétones (C 25 -C 33 ), les alcools secondaires (C 21 -C 33 ) ou les β-dicétones (C 27 -C 35 ) qui sont le plus souvent majoritaires dans les cires qui en contiennent.…”

Integrated Process for Extraction of Wax as a Value-Added Co-Product and Improved Ethanol Production by Converting Both Starch and Cellulosic Components in Sorghum Grains

“…Distillers corn oil is now an established co-product of almost all corn ethanol plants in the United States. In the case of sorghum, wax has been considered as a potential high-value co-product of ethanol production [4,5]. Sorghum wax has been found to possess several characteristics very similar to carnauba wax [4,6], which is an industrial wax with a wide range of applications.…”

“…In the case of sorghum, wax has been considered as a potential high-value co-product of ethanol production [4,5]. Sorghum wax has been found to possess several characteristics very similar to carnauba wax [4,6], which is an industrial wax with a wide range of applications. Carnauba wax is derived from the leaves of the Copernicia prunifera tree, which is found exclusively in Brazil [7].…”

“…Carnauba wax is derived from the leaves of the Copernicia prunifera tree, which is found exclusively in Brazil [7]. Because of similar physical properties, sorghum wax has been suggested as a potential replacement for carnauba wax [4]. The bulk price of carnauba wax is listed at $6.65-$7/kg [8].…”