Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Solomon, Keith R.; Williams, W. M.; Mackay, Donald; Purdy, John; Giddings, Jeffrey M.; Giesy, John P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03865-0_2

Cited by 92 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In some studies, dissipation was too rapid to produce meaningful dissipation curves (Iwata et al 1983), but the average half-life was 1.5 d (Racke 1993;Solomon et al 2001). The upper 90% confidence limit on the mean foliar half-life was 3.28 d (Williams et al 2014). CPY that drifts onto non-target plants should dissipate at a similar rate, but initial concentrations would be less.…”

Section: Tier-2 Characterization Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 89%

“…The chemical, physical, and environmental profile of CPY (Giesy et al 1999;Racke 1993;Solomon et al 2001Solomon et al , 2014, and its environmental fate on plants, in water and in soil Racke 1993;Solomon et al 2001), have been welldescribed by others and is not repeated here.…”

Section: General Physical and Chemical Properties And Fatementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The maximum concentration of CPY in puddles after application of both the granular formulations and the sprayable formulations was also modeled using PRZM/EXAMS, which provides both puddle and soil pore water concentrations (Williams et al 2014). The maximum 95th centile of the peak pore water concentrations from the PRZM/EXAMS model among registered uses in the U.S. of the granular and the spray formulations were 571 and 566 μg L −1 , respectively, based on a 1.12 kg CPY ha −1 application rate and the maximum number of applications per year.…”

Section: Other Potential Routes Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum 95th centile of the peak pore water concentrations from the PRZM/EXAMS model among registered uses in the U.S. of the granular and the spray formulations were 571 and 566 μg L −1 , respectively, based on a 1.12 kg CPY ha −1 application rate and the maximum number of applications per year. These values were obtained from the North Carolina tobacco and California broccoli standard use scenarios for PRZM/EXAMS, respectively (Williams et al 2014). The greatest peak concentrations predicted for puddle water were 285 μg L −1 for granular and 529 μg L −1 for spray applications.…”

Section: Other Potential Routes Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the models used are conservative, since they are based on the assumption that honey bees will consume 100% of the water they need from a given water source, whereas in reality they can obtain 7-100% of their required water from food (USEPA 2012). Given the short foliar half-life of CPY (Williams et al 2014), the peak concentrations associated with the higher RQ values are present for a short time.…”

Section: Estimates Of Risk To Honey Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Cutler

Purdy²,

Giesy

et al. 2014

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

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Section: Tier-2 Characterization Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: General Physical and Chemical Properties And Fatementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Other Potential Routes Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Potential Routes Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimates Of Risk To Honey Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Cutler

Purdy²,

Giesy

et al. 2014

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Self Cite

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Chlorpyrifos interacts with other agricultural stressors to alter stream communities in laboratory microcosms

Chará‐Serna

Richardson

2017

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used agricultural insecticides in the world, but to date there is limited empirical information about its potential to interact with other common agricultural stressors. We conducted a 15-d, community-level, microcosm experiment evaluating individual and combined effects of chlorpyrifos, nutrient enrichment, and sedimentation on stream invertebrate communities (abundance, biomass, richness, size structure, composition) and ecosystem processes (primary productivity and leaf decomposition). We found that sedimentation was the most detrimental stressor, with significant negative impacts on most invertebrate community and ecosystem function variables. Even though chlorpyrifos did not cause significant invertebrate mortality in the microcosms, it still altered ecosystem function by lowering leaf decomposition rates, probably through sublethal inhibition of invertebrate shredders. Furthermore, we observed a significant reversal interaction between chlorpyrifos and sediment for small-sized invertebrates collected in gravel (abundance in sediment 9 insecticide microcosms was 2.4 times lower than predicted by additivity), as well as an antagonistic interaction with nutrients on invertebrate richness in the same microhabitat (richness in nutrient 9 insecticide microcosms was 1.6 times higher than predicted by additivity). Our results suggest that chlorpyrifos has the potential to alter freshwater ecosystem function and interact non-additively with other common agricultural stressors. These findings are in keeping with a growing body of research highlighting that multiple stressor interactions and ecosystem processes should be considered when evaluating the impacts of organic toxicants on freshwater ecosystems.

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Effects of chlorpyrifos on life cycle parameters, cytochrome P450S expression, and antioxidant systems in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide for controlling diverse insect pests of crops. In the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus, population growth retardation with the inhibition of lifespan, fecundity, and individual body size of ovigerous females was shown over 10 d in response to chlorpyrifos exposure. At the molecular and biochemical levels, the rotifer B. koreanus defensome, composed of cytochrome P450 complements, heat shock protein 70, and antioxidant enzymatic systems (i.e., glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), was significantly induced in response to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Thus, chlorpyrifos strongly induced a defensome system to mitigate the deleterious effects of chlorpyrifos at in vivo and in vitro levels as a trade-off in fitness costs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1449-1457. © 2015 SETAC.

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Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Chlorpyrifos interacts with other agricultural stressors to alter stream communities in laboratory microcosms

Effects of chlorpyrifos on life cycle parameters, cytochrome P450S expression, and antioxidant systems in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus

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