Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

Zhang, Xiefei; Sreekumar, T. V.; Liu, Tao; Kumar, Satish

doi:10.1021/jp0475988

Cited by 247 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Solubilzation (miscibility) is made possible through either wrapping (surfacting) the SWNTs [2], end-group functionalization [3,4], or sidewall functionalization [5,6]. Of these, it is the latter that has generated the most interest because of the wide range of functional groups it is possible to employ and the diverse methods for functionalization, including: free radical additions [7], reactions with acids [8], aryldiazonium salts [9], carbenes and nitrenes [10]. Furthermore, fluorination of the sidewalls leads to tubes that may be further functionalized by organolithium or Grignard reagents or primary amines [11,12] as well as Diels-Alder (4 + 2) cycloaddition reaction [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus for Scalable Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via the Billups-Birch Reduction

Pham

Zhang

Lawal

et al. 2017

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A prototype design of a reactor for scalable functionalization of SWCNTs by the reaction of alkyl halides with Billups-Birch reduced SWCNTs is described. The Hauge apparatus is designed to allow for the safe handling of all the reagents and products under an inert atmosphere at controlled temperatures. The extent of reaction of Li/NH 3 solution with the SWCNTs is measured in-situ by solution conduction, while homogenous mixing is ensured by the use of a homogenizer, and thermocouple are placed at different heights within the reactor flask. Addition of an alkyl halide yield alkyl-functionalized SWCNTs, which may be isolated by solvent extraction leaving a solid sample that is readily purified by hydrocarbon extraction. As an example, reaction of SWCNT/Li/NH 3 with 1-iododecane yields dodecane-functionalized SWCNTs (C 12 -SWCNTs), which have been characterized by TG/DTA, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Sample extraction during the reaction allows for probing of the rate of the reaction in order to determine the end point of the reaction, which for C 12 -SWCNTs (at −78 • C) is 30 min.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus for Scalable Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via the Billups-Birch Reduction

Pham

Zhang

Lawal

et al. 2017

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“…Since scalable processes for purifying lab-grade quantities of SWCNTs have only recently been formulated, [11][12][13] thin films of exemplary purified materials have just now become readily available for fundamental research, pointing toward a number of promising applications. Thin SWCNT membranes have recently emerged, [16][17][18][19] Commercial transparent conductive coatings like ITO tend to be brittle, and mechanical flexibility is often cited as a desirable characteristic in the next generation of applications. Given the outstanding intrinsic mechanical properties of SWCNTs, one can anticipate the added benefit that films of purified materials might offer in the area of mechanical performance, beyond the usually quoted optical and electronic benchmarks.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Stability of Transparent Conducting Films Assembled from Length Purified Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films show significant promise for transparent electronics applications that demand mechanical flexibility, but durability remains an outstanding issue. In this work, thin membranes of length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are uniaxially and isotropically compressed by depositing them on prestrained polymer substrates. Upon release of the strain, the topography, microstructure, and conductivity of the films are characterized using a combination of optical/fluorescence microscopy, light scattering, force microscopy, electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. Above a critical surface mass density, films assembled from nanotubes of well-defined length exhibit a strongly nonlinear mechanical response. The measured strain dependence reveals a dramatic softening that occurs through an alignment of the SWCNTs normal to the direction of prestrain, which at small strains is also apparent as an anisotropic increase in sheet resistance along the same direction. At higher strains, the membrane conductivities increase due to a compression-induced restoration of conductive pathways. Our measurements reveal the fundamental mode of elasto-plastic deformation in these films and suggest how it might be suppressed. ' INTRODUCTIONIn the past two decades, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have received considerable attention due to their outstanding mechanical, optical, and electronic properties, and a vast amount of research has been devoted to the characterization of these attributes 1 and the potential applications they suggest. 2 Promising applications are rapidly emerging in such areas as high performance composites, 3 thermoelectric materials, 4 and conducting polymer composites.5 Thin SWCNT films, in particular, show exceptional promise for applications that require transparent coatings with superior mechanical, electronic, and optical qualities. [6][7][8][9] The natural tendency for SWCNTs to form flexible, transparent networks with high electrical conductivity at remarkably low surface coverage is a direct consequence of the magnitude of the typical SWCNT aspect ratio, 10 suggesting that nanotube length is a critical factor in dictating the physical properties of such membranes.The electronic and optical properties of SWCNTs are determined by their electronic band structure, 1 which is specified by the chiral vector (n, m) characterizing the symmetry of rolling a two-dimensional graphene sheet into a hollow tube of diameter a. All existing synthetic techniques therefore produce raw material that contains a distribution of electronic types, ranging from semiconducting to metallic, as well as a broad range of lengths, from 10 nm up to hundreds of micrometers. Since scalable processes for purifying lab-grade quantities of SWCNTs have only recently been formulated, 11-13 thin films of exemplary purified materials have just now become readily available for fundamental research, pointing toward a number of promising applications. Thin SWCNT membranes have rece...

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“…A 200-nm-thick film exhibits high tensile strength and good toughness. The tensile strength is 360 MPa, which is 30 and 10 times higher than typical bulky paper and sheets from oleum, [126] respectively; the density-normalized stress is 280 MPa/(g/cm 3 ). The Young's modulus is about 5 GPa.…”

Section: Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 83%

Carbon Nanotube-Based Thin Films: Synthesis and Properties

Wang¹,

Moriyama²

2011

Carbon Nanotubes - Synthesis, Characterization, Applications

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Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films

Cited by 247 publications

References 45 publications

Apparatus for Scalable Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via the Billups-Birch Reduction

Apparatus for Scalable Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via the Billups-Birch Reduction

Structural Stability of Transparent Conducting Films Assembled from Length Purified Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon Nanotube-Based Thin Films: Synthesis and Properties

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