Properties and Structure in Ternary Meta‐, Pyro‐, and Ortho‐Zinc Tin Phosphate Glasses With Small Photoelasticity

Abstract

The authors report thermal and optical properties of ternary meta-, pyro-, and ortho-zinc tin phosphate glasses, which are glasses that exhibit low glass transition temperature, small photoelastic constants (PECs), and high refractive index. Solid state 31 P magic-angle nuclear magnetic resonance, micro-Raman, and infrared spectroscopies are used to characterize the phosphate anions that constitute the glass structure. Glass transition temperatures, thermal coefficient constants, and refractive index are in proportion with ZnO content. Weight loss measurements in water are studied, and then durable glasses are obtained with greater ZnO content. PECs of ternary glasses are dependent on the relative ZnO content. The ratio of measured SnO concentration divided by the fraction of measured phosphate unit predicted the composition with small PEC. High polarizable Sn 2þ ions and major dimer phosphate units with non-bridging oxygens are correlated in the very small photoelastic response.

Durable BaO–ZnO–P2O5 glass with small stress‐induced birefringence for lead‐free polarization light‐controlling devices

“…The photoelastic and durable properties in ternary phosphate glasses depend on substitution oxides despite the constant P 2 O 5 concentration. Unlike the x ZnO–(60 − x )SnO–40P 2 O 5 glasses, which exhibit zero and very small PECs and lesser water durability, the x BaO–(60 − x )ZnO–40P 2 O 5 glass shows marked water durability with a small PEC in the x = 50 sample. The upper part of the schematic model (Figure ) shows a reaction between nonbridging oxygen (NBO) associated with a Q 2 unit and polarizable H 2 O molecules.…”

“…Correlations of the optical properties of x BaO–(60 − x )ZnO–40P 2 O 5 glasses (black circles). The values for x BaO–(60 − x )SnO–40P 2 O 5 (red triangles) and x ZnO–(60 − x )SnO–40P 2 O 5 (blue squares) glasses are taken from refs ,. respectively.…”

“…The photoelastic and durable properties in ternary phosphate glasses depend on substitution oxides despite the constant P 2 O 5 concentration. Unlike the xZnO-(60 − x)SnO-40P 2 O 5 glasses, which exhibit zero and very small PECs and lesser water durability, 13 which compensates for a niche space between Ba 2+ and a Q 2 chain. Eventually, a weak field around a reaction boundary gently interacts with the H 2 O molecule, resulting in better water durability despite the metaphosphate composition.…”

The Relationship among Electronic Polarizability, Photoelasticity, and Refractivity in Ternary Phosphate Glasses

“…Data from this study were combined with data from the existing literature. [ 6,13–15 ] The 67SnO–33P 2 O 5 ( x = 0) sample spectrum is similar to previous reports. [ 14,16 ] When ZnO replaces SnO, the central position of the chemical shift moves toward the positive side, together with Q 0 , Q 1 , and Q 2 species for x Zn(67– x )Sn33P glasses and Q 1 and Q 2 species for x Zn(60– x )Sn40P glasses.…”

“… 31 P MAS‐NMR spectra with decomposed spectra of a) x ZnO–(50– x )SnO–50P 2 O 5 , b) x ZnO–(60– x )SnO–40P 2 O 5 , [ 13 ] and c) x ZnO–(67– x )SnO–33P 2 O 5 [ 14 ] glasses recorded at 9.4 T. The phosphate species are written in the spectra with nominal ZnO ( x ) concentrations.…”